Old<'r Bimdis vl Grec„slH>n>,njh, rtr. 55 



Melbourne are in part marine and in part freslnvater. They were 

 laid down on the Nillunibik Peneplain at the base-level of the latter. 

 Subsequently thr ((nmtry was elevated, and a fresh cycle of erosion 

 coinnK'nced. witli the result that tlie Kainuzuic sediments have been 

 partly broken up into the present disconnected caps on the hills, 

 and in the resulting valleys the Newer Basalt has flowed. Judging 

 by what are regarded as the marine representatives of these sedi- 

 nieiitary beds at Koyal Park and Beaumaris, their age is Kalimnan. 

 The Older lia.salt at Royal Park is clearly older than the Kalimnan 

 beds there, as the latter overlie the Barwonian. and tliese in turn the 

 basalt. 1 



Passing now from these fairly well established conclusions, reasons 

 have already been given for believing the Kainozoic sediments of 

 Greensborough, Ivanhoe and Mt. Cooper to be Kalimnan; for classi- 

 fying the overlying basalts at Ivanhoe and Greensborough as Kalim 

 nan or later; for considering the possibility of the Mt. Cooper basalt 

 being of the same age; and for provisionally placing tl»e Kangaroo 

 Ground sediments and l)asalt witli tlie similar rocks of Greens- 

 borough. 



From physiographic considerations it would seem that the Older 

 Basalts, the subject of this paper, must liave been poured out before 

 the underlying sediments were broken up by erosion, and conse- 

 quently before or soon after their uplift from base-level; for if any 

 great interval elapsed between the uplift and the basalt flows, 

 denudation would have brought about such inequalities of the land 

 that the basalt, instead of as a rule, now regularly capping the hills, 

 Avould have been found also in the valleys, but of this there is no 

 evidence, except in part at Kangaroo Ground, as already recorded, 

 Avhich, however, mav be due to some local cause. 



Summary. 



Gravel, gi-its, sands and their alteration product, (piartzite, are 

 found at Ivanhoe. Mt Cooper. Greensborough and Kangaroo 

 Ground at liigli levels, associated with the basalts. The latter over- 

 lie the sediments at three of the localities, and at the foui-th (Ivan- 

 hoe), the same relation probably holds good. 



No fossils have yet been discovered in these sedimentary rocks. 

 In their absence, the evidence points to those at Greensborough 

 and Mt. Cooper being continuous with and of the same age as those 

 farther south (which include the Ivanhoe area), and which ar^ re- 



1 As to the greneral Kainozoic history of the ooiiiitn ;ir(.iiii(l Mellioiiriie, see '• Victorian Hill 

 nd Dale" and other writiiis-s by Dr. T. s. Hall. 



