374 E. W. Skeats: 



Survey Office at Bendigo, however, shows the boundaries of the- 

 conglomerate approximately 'defined. 



The only written account of the conglomerate I have been able 

 to find occurs in the Report on the Bendigo Gold Field, page 6, by 

 Mr. E. J. Dunn. F.G.S.. published by the Geological Survey of 

 Victoria in 1892. and a second part in 1896. As Mr. Dunn's 

 description, though important, is brief. I record it in full. It is 

 headed. " Glacial Conglomerate " : — 



" On the west side of Kangaroo Gully, and opposite Opossum 

 Gully, an outlier, a few chains in length, and from one to two- 

 chains in width, of conglomerate that is referable to the same age 

 as the Wild Duck Creek conglomerate, occurs; it does not appear 

 to be of any great depth, and in age may be of Permian or later 

 date. In a more or less clayey matrix, in part rudely stratified, 

 and in indurated fine gravel are well rounded masses of quartzite 

 derived from Devonian conglomerates, hard grey sandstones in 

 angular blocks, small fragments of schist, etc., the pebbles and 

 fragments with the larger axes as frequently nearly vertical as 

 horizontal. Veins of pale yellow chalcedony occur, penetrating the- 

 clayey matrix; no other outlier was noticed in the vicinity of a 

 similar character. The conglomerate is very distinct from and in 

 no way to be confounded with the tertiary conglomerates ; it is the 

 last vestige of what may have been a very extensive deposit." 



Mr. F. L. Stillwell, M.Sc, in a paper on the monchiquite dykes 

 of the Bendigo goldfield. Pioc. Roy. Soc, Vic, Vol. xxv. (New^ 

 Series), Part 1, 1912, p. 9, in discussing their age, refers to one- 

 dyke cutting the conglomerate of Kangaroo Gully. 



In view of the volcanic nature of the matrix of this occurrence 

 at Kangaroo Gully, it is interesting to note that some of the earlier 

 geologists in South Africa described the Permo-Carboniferous 

 glacial comglomerate (the Dwyka conglomerate) as of volcanic origin. 



A. G. Bain, in Q.J. Geol. Soc, 1845, p. 315, described the rock 

 as a claystone-porphyry, and believed it to be the product of an- 

 enormous volcano. D. Draper, in Q.J. Geol. Soc, Vol. 50, 1894, 

 pp. 554-555, discussed the origin of the Dwyka conglomerate, and 

 quoted a letter from Dr. G. A. F. Mobengraff, in which the latter 

 stated that he had studied the rock " in situ," and by microscopic 

 sections. He said : " The Dwyka conglomerate gives me the 

 impression of a volcanic tuff (I mean a probably Permian diabase- 

 tuff) full of fragments of older rocks." 



Tho hypothesis of the volcanic origin of the Dwyka conglomerate- 

 is now. I believe, entirely abandoned in favour of a direct glacial: 



