SyntJtesis of Sugar 



175. 



Apparently an excess of calcium formate interferes with polymeri- 

 sation, when the formaldehyde is very dilute, while with the strong- 

 solutions since the 5 c.c. of 10% calcium formate requires 8.9 c.c. 

 of 3.5% to convert it all into CaH202, portion of the 5.5, 6 and T 

 c.c. of CHjO has to be neutralised directly by the soda, and hence 

 the percentage polymerization decreas.es. 



Starting with 0.25 c.c. of 10% CaCO. and 0.5. c.c. of 31.5%. 

 CHoO. and increasing or decreasing each proportionately, the fol- 

 lowing results were ol)tained : — 



Water 



2J,9.55 c.c. 

 248.75 c.c. 

 247.5 c.c. 

 245.5 c.c. 

 242.5 



c-.o. of 10 



per cent. 



Ca(C0OH)j 



0.62 



1.25 



2.5 



5.0 



7.5 



c.c of 31.5 

 per cent. 

 CH.2(> 



1.25 



2.5 



5.0 

 10.0 

 15. t» 



c.c. of 3..5 Per cent 



per cent. poh nierization 



NaHO required of CH.iO 



5.1 



6.4 



13.() 



27.9 



49.0 



32 

 56 



58 

 54 

 46 



On the basis that 1 molecule of CaHjO, reacts with 9 molecules of 

 CH^O, then 1 c.c. of 10% Ca(C00H)2 represents 0.66 c.c. of 31.5 

 tH,0. 



Hence the amount of calcium formate present is l>elow that 

 theoretically lequired, and a large portion of the CH^O reacts- 

 diiectly with the soda, giving a low percentage polymerisation. 

 Further, two standards were taken, namely, (A) 5 c.c. of 10% 

 CaCO, to 3 c.c. of 31.5% CH^O, and (B) 5 c.c. of 10%, CaCO^ to 



c.c. of 31.5% CHjO. The amounts of each were increased or de- 

 creased proportionately to one another in the tv^•o sets of tests, A 

 and B, and added to 250 c.c. of water. 



