THE NEOPALLIUM. 355 



which once interested him, or is unable to recognize objects, to give 

 the proper names to things, to remember appointments, etc. When 

 larger areas of the posterior field become affected these symptoms 

 become more general and the patient loses his interest in the 

 external world and practical affairs. He may, however, retain his 

 interest in his own personal relations, his self-respect may be 

 perfectly preserved, and so far as his powers of intelligent action 

 enable him, he may be entirely true to his personal duties and 

 engagements. The posterior association field deals then with 

 order and relation in the external world, with recognition, memory 

 and imagination, with judgment and the weighing of processes 

 and events. 



The anterior association field lies in proximity to the somaesthetic 

 area, but removed from the other sensory areas. It would 

 receive in common with the posterior area the impressions due to 

 contact with external objects and to the movements of the body, 

 hmbs, organs of speech, etc. Although the distant connections 

 of the frontal lobe are not well understood, it seems clear that 

 fibers from the visual and auditory areas are of subordinate 

 importance, while association bundles from the olfactory (and 

 gustatory) centers are next in importance to those from the somaes- 

 thetic areas. In the light of comparative neurology it is more than 

 possible that all sensation from the viscera reaches the archipallium 

 and comes to play a part in conscious states through the asso- 

 ciation tracts to the frontal lobes. If so, this would strengthen 

 the view already expressed by Flechsig that the impulses which 

 enter the frontal lobes have to do especially with experiences 

 of the individual and hence the anterior association field is 

 concerned with subjective states, and with the emotions, with 

 action and with the will. Here are to be sought the mechanisms 

 corresponding to the bodily states which accompany or constitute 

 the emotions, and those connected with attention and apperception. 

 Certain bodily conditions, such as muscular tension, are connected 

 with attention and active apperception, and the association centers 

 which deal with these are related to the somaesthetic and somatic 

 motor area. Here, also, clinical observation supports the reasoning 

 from anatomical data. In cases of disease of the frontal lobes 



