(which has by far the largest training program), Papua- 

 New Guinea, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, and the United 

 States. Three U. S. programs were discussed. One was a 

 since-terminated program to train men for the aku fleet in 

 Hawaii. Another was a small program in which Micronesians 

 come to Hawaii for on-the-job training with the fleet; this 

 has proved successful. The third program was one being 

 established by the University of Rhode Island specifically 

 aimed at educating potential fishing vessel skippers. 



One result of the symposium was the recommendation 

 that one or more educational centers be established in the 

 Indo-Pacific region to train extension officers and others who 

 could then train fishermen directly and to prepare audio- 

 visual aids and texts to be used in fishery training. The 

 Council agreed that there were certain unique skills required 

 in fisheries, not only at sea but also in some activities on 

 land, and that the trade required special training not usually 

 available in a country's general educational program — as 

 Hawaii and Rhode Island among the United States have 

 recognized. 



Discussed at the 12th Session were the fishery studies to 

 be conducted under the international CSK (Cooperative 

 Study of the Kuroshio and Adjacent Areas). CSK is spon- 

 sored by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and 

 Cultural Organization. Marr serves as Assistant Inter- 

 national Coordinator for Fisheries. IPFC agreed that 

 studies be made on some fishery resources common to two 

 or more of the CSK countries : chub mackerel, goldenthread, 

 lizardfish, saury, skipjack tuna, Spanish mackerel, and yellow 

 croaker. The Council supported CSK work on the bottom 



resources of the South China Sea, an area whose fishery 

 potential is as yet little realized. 



At the Governor's Conference, where the talk had been 

 mostly of how to increase catches, a member of the audience 

 rose and said : "I want to ask a question in favor of the fish. 

 I imagine sooner or later man will learn how to catch them 

 as fast as he wants to. Is any effort being made to conserve 

 or replace fish in the ocean?" Marr, who was Chairman of 

 the conference, replied by pointing out that the interest of 

 the conference was in maximum sustainable yield, "which 

 means you would be harvesting them at a rate that could be 

 continued forever." 



This same concern with the long-term view seemed appar- 

 ent at the meeting of IPFC, where men of diverse cultures 

 met with sober awareness of the double-edged need to im- 

 prove the diet of the teeming millions of the world and, at 

 the same time, to see that great living resources are not 

 destroyed. About 2 billion of the 3 billion people on earth 

 suffer from protein malnutrition. This number includes 50 

 to 70 percent of preschool children. This type of malnutri- 

 tion can produce mental retardation in children; even ordi- 

 nary childhood diseases may be fatal to those who suffer 

 from it. 



This great dual problem — how to help people live better 

 and still not irreparably damage the element that supplies 

 their food — is, in the words used by President Lyndon B. 

 •Johnson in a telegram welcoming the IPFC to the United 

 States, "one of the principal items on the agenda of man- 

 kind." 



46 



