Mr. W. C. Tait on the Birds of Portugal 199 



occur at Alpiar9a, near Santarem ; I have seen it at Beja, 

 and also at Villa Real de Sto. Antonio, and these are the 

 only localities at which I have noticed it. 



[99. Certhilauda nuPONTi, var. lusitanica. 



We add this to the list on the authority of Dr. J, V. B. 

 du Bocage, whose account of the discovery has just reached 

 us. Particulars will be found under ' Notices ' below. — Edd.J 



100. Sturnus vulgaris, Linn. ^' Estorninho/^ Portugal 

 generally. 



The Starling is a winter visitant, arriving early in October, 

 and in some years even by the end of September. Flocks 

 continue to pass southward near the sea-side till about the 

 middle of December. 



101. Sturnus unicolor, De la Marm. " Estorninho preto." 

 Besident, and very common inland, especially during the 



spring and summer, but in the immediate neighbourhood of 

 Oporto it is not abundant. A few pairs nest in the Quinta 

 do Fojo Caudal, near Oporto, and some in Bomalde. They 

 are very restless birds, and fly about in small flocks. 



102. Pyrrhocorax graculus (Linn.). 



The Chough is said to nest in the clifi's of the Rio Homem, 

 Serra do Gerez. I saw a flock of these birds in a field near 

 Ovar in winter, the only occasion on which I have met with 

 them. Specimens from Penamacor are in the Coimbra Mu- 

 seum, and in the Lisbon Museum there are two specimens 

 from Collares, where this species is said to nest. 



103. NuciFRAGA caryocatactes (Linn.). 



The only Nutcracker obtained in this country vras shot in 

 winter by a Mr. Correia in the pine-woods to the east of 

 Estarreja, about fifteen years ago, and was exhibited at the 

 Crystal Palace of Oporto. 



104. Garrulus glandarius. " Gaio.^^ 



Abundant in the north of Portugal, less so in the centre, 

 and rather scarce in the south. More frequently heard in 

 summer than in winter. On the 6th of October, 1883, when 

 an easterly wind was blowing, a flock of twelve Jays, flying 



