436 Mr. R. Bowdler Sharpe on a 



to the Himalayan subregions have received a startling acces- 

 sion of range. Certainly the discoveries by Dr. Beccari of 

 such Himalayan genera as Psarisomus, Pericrocotus, Stachy- 

 ris, Tnrdinus, Rimator, Pnoepyga, Buchanga, and Cochoa in 

 the higher regions of Sumatra might have prepared ornitho- 

 logists for the occuiTence of some of these genera in the high 

 ranges of Borneo^ which, however^ had hitherto been con- 

 sidered very Malayan in its avifauna, the only real Himalayan 

 element having been shown, quite within recent years, by the 

 discovery of Dendrocitta on the Lawas Biver, Ruhigula on 

 Kina Balu, and more lately by that of a Parus and Myiopho- 

 neus in the higher districts of Sarawak (c/. H. H. Slater, 

 Ibis, 1885, p. 121). 



Mr. Whitehead's first expedition has resulted in the enlarge- 

 ment of our knowledge of this strictly Himalayan element, 

 and although he has not yet met with Pnoepyga, Cochoa, 

 or Rimator, it is quite possible that they will all be found, 

 along with such forms as Tarsiger hodgsoni, Hemichelidon 

 cinereiceps, Pterythius (jeralatus, Oriolus vulneratus , Staphidia, 

 &c. Apart from these evidences of connection with the 

 Himalayan system of Tenasserim, the Malayan peninsula, and 

 Sumatra, the new forms discovered by Mr. Whitehead are 

 striking enough, viz. : a marvellous new Calyptomena, a new 

 genus of Campophagidae, and a striking new Arachnothera. 



The connection with the mountains of Java, so far as Kina 

 Balu has been explored, has not proved to be very marked, 

 though Orthotomus cucullatus and the new Sioparola show 

 a certain Javan afiinity ; but there is also a slight connec- 

 tion with the Celebesian avifauna exhibited by the new 

 Dictsum, which finds its ally in D. celebicum ; while the new 

 species of Hyloterpe is certainly allied to the Philippine sec- 

 tion of the genus. 



I have referred to Count Salvadori's paper on the birds of 

 Beccari's expedition (Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. xiv. pp. 169- 

 253), as afl^ording a good opportunity of comparing the 

 avifauna of the mountains of Sumatra and Borneo. 



