Russia north of the Caucasus. 283 



(B) Falco peregrinus cornicum. 



Adult male. Above very dark ; the head, neck, upper part 

 of the mantle, cheeks, ear-coverts, and moustaches slate- 

 black ; the rest of the upper surface slate-blue, barred with 

 dusky slate-colour ; under surface of the body very rufous, 

 with prevalent grey tint on the flanks, abdomen, and thighs. 

 Chin spotless; throat with longitudinal spots of black; 

 breast, abdomen, flanks, and thighs crossed with blackish 

 bars, taking the form of spots in the centre of the breast ; 

 under wing-coverts blackish grey, spotted with ferruginous 

 buff. With the advance of age the rufous colour on the 

 under surface of the body becomes more intense, and neither 

 spots nor bars disappear, though they decrease. 



Adult female . Similar to the adult male, but more deeply 

 coloured, and with more developed spots and bars on the 

 under surface of the body. 



Young male. Above blackish brown, with a wash of grey ; 

 crown of head brown, tinged with rufous ; nape blackish 

 brown, mottled with rufous ; cheeks, ear-coverts, and mous- 

 taches black ; under surface of the body deep rufous ; chin 

 with narrow indistinct shaft-stripes; throat, breast, and 

 abdomen with large longitudinal spots of black-brown ; 

 flanks and thighs with transverse spots ; under tail-coverts 

 barred. 



Young female. Similar to the young male, but much larger. 

 According to Pastor Chr. 'Brehm Falco peregrinus cornicum 

 breeds throughout the central portion of Europe, straying 

 during winter as far south as Egypt. I have seen many 

 specimens of this race obtained from the mountain-country 

 of Germany, Switzerland, Northern Italy, and Eastern 

 France. 



In European Russia it breeds in the Ural Mountains, in 

 the Governments of Perm and Orenburg, on the rocks on the 

 rivers Belaja, Kama, and the Middle Volga, and in the Govern- 

 ments of Kazan and Simbirsk. More west and south it is 

 only an accidental visitor during autumn and winter. 



Examples of F. p. cornicum from the Ural are much darker 



y2 



