Russia north of the Caucasus. 



299 



In Nortliern Russia the bird is common about the Varanger 

 Fiord^ on the coast of Murman, near Lake Enare, and gene- 

 rally in Lapland ; and not uncommon in the tundras of the 

 north-eastern country, from the Kanin peninsula throughout 

 the Lower Pechora to the northern branches of the Ural . This 

 Buzzard also breeds occasionally in many parts of the wooded 

 country as far south as lat. 56° — a very interesting fact in 

 the history of the Russian avifauna. It breeds, for example, 

 near Lake Sego, near the Dvina, in the Government of 

 Vologda. This bird has been found but rarely in the breeding- 

 season in the Government of St. Petersburg, and, according 

 to Mr. Russov, breeds irregularly in the Baltic provinces. 

 Mr. Sabaneev says that the Rough-legged Buzzard breeds in 

 the north-eastern portions of the Government of Jaroslav, 

 and I have been told that it breeds in some parts of the 

 Government of Vladimir (56°). 



According to Mr. Bogdanov it is possible that it breeds 

 in the districts of Syzran (in the Government of Simbii'sk) 

 and Belebejev (in the Government of Ufa) (lat. 54°-53°). 



On the autumn and spring migration the Rough-legged 

 Buzzard is a common visitant to Middle Russia, where a few 

 specimens remain all the winter through ; but its winter- 

 quarters are in Southern Russia, where it strays as far south 

 as the mouth of the Volga and the Crimea. 



Aquila fulva, Aquila chrysabtos, and Aquila nobilis. 



After a careful examination of many specimens of the 

 Golden Eagle from different parts of the Palsearctic Region, 

 Mr. Severtzov established three typical forms of this Eagle : — 



Aquila fulva. 

 The young oiA.fulva 

 have the white on the 

 base of the tail, but this 

 character disappears 

 with tlie advance of age, 

 and the tail of the adult 

 Eagle is dark. 



Aqidla chrysa'efos. 



The young of ^. chry- 

 saetos have not the 

 white on the base of 

 the tail ; the tail of the 

 young Eagle is as dark 

 as that of the adult. 



Aquila nobilis. 

 The white on the 

 base of the tail is a 

 permanent character of 

 the young and adult of 

 A. nobilis. 



The first form of the Golden Eagle (A. fulva) does not 



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