800 M. Menzbicr on the Birds of European 



breed in Russia, but near the western limit of the country 

 in the Carpathian Mountains^. 



The second form of the Golden Eagle [A. chrysaetos) is 

 distributed throughout the whole wooded country of North 

 Russia as far west as Sweden, and as far east as Lake Baikal. 

 The southern breeding-limit of this species is as follows : — 

 In the Baltic provinces A. chrysaetos breeds as far south as 

 the Dvina river ; more east, in the Government of Vitebsk, 

 its breeding-limit crosses that river and comprises the whole 

 wooded country of Litua. From there the southern limit 

 of the breeding-range of A. chrysaetos goes across the 

 Dnieper northwards from Kiev (near lat. 52°), across the 

 Desna river northwards from Chernigov and across the Oker 

 between the towns Orel and Kaluga (near lat. 53°) . More 

 to the east the breeding-limit of ^. chrysaetos is insufficiently 

 known ; it probably breeds throughout the large woods of the 

 northern parts of the Governments of Tambov and Pensa, 

 along the right coast of the Oka, and between the moaths of 

 the Oka and Kama. From the mouth of the last-mentioned 

 river the southern breeding-limit of A. chrysaetos runs along 

 the Kama as far as the mouth of the Belaja river, and thence 

 in a S.S.E. direction. Mr. Severtzov saw in the Museum 

 of Orenburg many specimens of this Eagle obtained in the 

 country of the Upper Belaja, Ik, and Sakmara, and from the 

 southern Ural Mountains (as far south as lat, 52°). North 

 of the above-mentioned limit A. chrysaetos breeds every- 

 where as far as the limit of forest-growth ; south from that 

 limit it is only a rare stranger during its winter migration. 



The third form of the Golden Eagle {A. nobilis) breeds 

 throughout the woods of Middle Russia, and occasionally in 

 the wooded country of Northern Russia as far as Mezen and 

 lat. 60° in the Ural Mountains. Southwards it breeds as far 

 as the Governments of Podolsk, Kiev, Poltava, Kharkov, 

 Voronesh, and Saratov ; but in all these places it is rare and 

 local. East of the Volga it is a common breeding bird in 



* Mr. Schalow has mis-stated the breeding-district of Aqtiilafulva as 

 the Ural Mountains instead of the Carpathian Mountains (Journ. f. Orn. 

 1883, p. 410). 



