306 M. Menzhier on the Birds of European 



by Mr. Paljakov near Lake Onega, but it only occasionally 

 straggles to that nortliern country. According to Mr. Russov 

 it is a rare breeding bird in the Baltic provinces, where its 

 more western representative, the Lesser Spotted Eagle, is 

 more common. In the Governments of Tver, Jaroslav, 

 Moscow, Tula, and Orel, the Larger Spotted Eagle is more com- 

 mon, and it is very common in the woods of Eastern Russia, 

 from the Oxa river to the Ural Mountains. In the Ural 

 Mountains and their branches the bird is found from 

 lat. 60° to lat. 55°, but generally its southern breeding-limit 

 in Russia is but little known. On the wooded islands of the 

 Volga it breeds as far south as lat. 50°, and probably still 

 more to the south. According to Mr. Severtzov it is a 

 breeding bird in the forests of the river-valleys in the Govern- 

 ment of Voronesh. More to the south-west it is probably a 

 rare breeding bird in the Government of Kharkov, and, with- 

 out doubt, breeds in the woods of the Government of Kiev ; 

 but in the steppes of New Russia it is replaced by Aquila 

 orientalis. In Western Russia, from the Upper Dnieper to 

 Poland, it breeds everywhere, but is rare. 



Aquila n^evia. 



The Lesser Spotted Eagle is met with only in the western 

 parts of Russia ; it is a very typical member of the avifauna 

 of Western and Southern Europe, and generally is found in 

 the same country as the Common Buzzard, the Red Kite, 

 and the Barn-Owl. 



According to Mr. Mela the Lesser Spotted Eagle is a rare 

 occasional visitor to the eastern shores of the Gulf of Bothnia. 

 My friend Mr. Pleske informs me that this bird has been once 

 found in the district of Vyshny-Voloschok (in the Govern- 

 ment of Tver). It is more common in the Governments of 

 Pskov and St. Petersburg, and breeds everywhere in the 

 Baltic provinces. According to Mr. Taczanovsky it is a 

 breeding bird in Poland, and, on the authority of Mr. Pleske, 

 is common and breeds in the Government of Grodno. More 

 to the south it breeds in the Governments of Podolsk, Kiev, 

 and in Bessarabia, and probably in the whole wooded country 



