Russia north of the Caucasus. 307 



between Lake Peypus and the Upper Dnieper. In all the 

 above-mentioned localities the Lesser Spotted Eagle breeds 

 together with its somewhat larger representative, Aquila 

 clariga ; but it is more and more rare in proportion as it 

 recedes from the shores of the Baltic Sea, and the eastern 

 race is, on the contrary, more and more rare in proportion as 

 it approaches it. 



The Lesser Spotted Eagle is sedentary only in the south- 

 western parts of Russia. 



Mr. Kalenichenko informs us that Aquila ncevia is found 

 " rariter in montibus Tauriee ad Czatyrdach.^^ I have not 

 seen a specimen of the Spotted Eagle from the Crimea ; but 

 it is not impossible that it is really the Lesser Spotted Eagle 

 that breeds in the mountain- woods of that peninsula, as it 

 is this and not the other species which has been obtained in 

 the Caucasus"^. 



Aquila bonellii. 



Bonelli^s Eagle is only a very rare and accidental visitor 

 to the southern parts of Russia. 



According to Mr. Nordmann it was once met with near 

 Odessa. Mr. Severtzov informs us, on the authority of one 

 of his friends, that this bird has been found in the Govern- 

 ment of Voronesh. An example of it has been obtained 

 near Sarepta. 



Mr. Goebel tells us that a specimen of Bonelli's Eagle was 

 observed by him in the district of Uman (in the Government 

 of Kiev) ; but this specimen was not obtained, and "die leuch- 

 tenden Schulterflecken,^' mentioned by Mr. Goebel, give us 

 very great doubts in deciding whether the observed bird 

 was really a Bonelli^s Eagle. 



* Mr. Seebohm informs us (Ibis, 1883, i. p. 3) that in the mountain- 

 valleys of the northern slopes of the Caucasus the Larger Spotted Eagle 

 breeds. But, according to Mr. Bogdanov, in the above-mentioned country 

 the Lesser Spotted Eagle breeds ; and Mr. Severtzov, the most competent 

 judge of the identification of the Eagles, told me that the specimen in 

 Bogdanov's collection was really Aquila ncsvia, and not Aquila clanga. 

 But two males in Mr. Seebohm's collection from Lenkoran are uncLues- 

 tionably A, clanga. 



