Russia north of the Caucasus. 315 



specimens from the Government of Moscow ; but I tliink it 

 does not breed tliercj because not one adult specimen liaa 

 been obtained by us in these localities. 



According to Mr. Mela it is a very rare and accidental 

 visitor to the northern coast of the Gulf of Finland. 



Strigiceps cineraceus, 



Montagu's Harrier is found in all parts of Southern and 

 Middle Russia. In the Ural Mountains it is distributed as far 

 north as Ekaterinburg ; in the country between Ekaterinburg 

 and the mouth of the Kama its northern breeding-limit is 

 unknown, but it is a common breeding bird in the district 

 of Birsk (in the Government of Ufa). According to Mr. 

 Bogdanov it is found in the Government of Kazan. On the 

 authority of Mr. Pavlov, Montagu's Harrier is a rare breeding 

 bird in the Government of Riazan. In the country adjoining 

 the Government of Moscow the bird is rare, though it breeds 

 everywhere in suitable localities. According to Mr. Russov 

 it breeds in the Baltic provinces. Generally its northern 

 breeding-limit in Central Russia is represented by the Volga 

 from the mouth of the Kanin to the mouth of the Mologa. 

 In the country between the mouth of the last-mentioned 

 river and the Gulf of Finland the northern breeding-limit of 

 Montagu's Harrier is unknown; but the species is found 

 rarely in the Governments of Tver and St. Petersburg, and 

 strays as far the northern coast of the Gulf of Finland. 



A few examples of this bird are found all the year round 

 in the steppes of Southern Russia and in the Crimea. 



Circus ^ruginosus. 



The Marsh-Harrier is distributed throughout the whole of 

 Russia as far north as Archangel, with the exception of Lap- 

 land, Finland, and the north-eastern country from the Dvina 

 to the Ural Mountains, but it is rare north of the Volga. In 

 the Ural Mountains its northern breeding-limit is about 

 lat. 58°. In some parts of Middle and Southern Russia this 

 bird is very common. In the steppes of Southern Russia a 

 few Marsh-Harriers are found all the year round. 



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