invisible from above. All of the fins are large. The dorsal base is long and occupies two-thirds of the 

 length of the back, sometimes arising near the head and sometimes much posterior thereto. The 

 caudal is three-lobed. four-lobed, or bag-like, and may equal or even exceed the entire length nf 

 the body of the fish. In its graceful folds and delicate texture the caudal resembles that of the ryukin. 

 The long, d(jul)le anal surmnnds tlic Icrniinal \ent. 



In color the oranda is eitlier plain i ir variegated. Up to t\\ent\- vears ago fish with variegated 

 backs were not known, but since then rcd-and-white fish have been comiuon. The plain red fish 

 never show the rich golden iridescence of the ranchu. Snnie fish are uniformly velvety black with 

 golden reflections below: some are reel with the abdomen canary yellow instead of white; and \arious 

 other colors are met with. The warty mass may be white, pink, \ermilion, orange-red. black, or 

 variegated. The fins are usuallv bright red. with luore or less white on the caudal. A strikingly 

 beautiful large male uranda seen by the author in Osaka had a red head, a }-ellow-golden body. 

 a black hack, and black fins. 



This variety when originalh- |)ro(hiced was only 2 to 3 inches long, but now it is one of the 

 largest forms cultiwited. The ordinary length of mature fish is 4 ti> 5 inches, with the caudal fin 

 as much longer. The largest specimens ha\e the body and caudal each over 6 inches long, ami 

 weigh nearly 20 ounces. 



The oranda shishigashira is extensixely bred in Tokyo. Osaka. Kuri\ama. and other places. 

 and is one of the favorite varieties, combining tlie Iieautiful and the curious in a striking degree. 

 In h;irdiness it is between the ranchu and the r\ukin. 



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