food. Supposing that 200,000 young are on hand, at least 4 ponds with an aggregate area of 

 7,000 square feet should be available for the alternate growing of "mijinko" and fish. With tlie 

 exhaustion of tlie crustacean supply and the increased capacity of the young, mosquito lar\ae and 

 other foods mav be given on earthenware plates as previously mentioned. The demekin and ihe 

 deme-ranclni are liandled in the same way as the ryukin. 



The vt)ung must at all times be protected from unfavorable meteorological conditions. AMien 

 the fish are in the shallow concrete ponds, frost and hail are much feared by the breeders, and hard 

 and proti acted rains also are dreaded. Protection against these agencies is secured by covering the 

 ponds with a screen or canopy. When in the mud ponds, the young are injured by strong winds, 

 especialh' in the early morning before sunrise, when the fisli have the habit of coming to tlie 

 surface and mav lie blown against tlie lee shore. Iianked up and killed. Winds therefore cause 

 much tmuble in sjjring and early summer, and necessitate all the attendants getting up early to 

 ])rovide against emergencies. If the wind is very strong bamboo .sticks or poles are put in the 

 ponds to break the force of the waves, and it may be necessary to net out the fish and deposit them 

 on the protected side of the ponds. After an hour or less of sunlight the fish go down and the 

 danger is over for the day. 



X'arious enemies of the goldfish must lie guarded against. .Among these are birds, other fish, 

 water snakes, turtles, frogs, and insects, the last lieing prol)al)ly the most serious. .\ number of 

 kinds of aquatic insects fly into the concrete and mud ponds from outside waters, and do much 

 damage in a short time, pouncing on the fry and devouring them. It is therefore necessary to 

 look over the ponds with these enemies in mind at least twice daily. Other diseases and fatalities 

 to which the fish are subject will be noted later. 



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