The Migration of North American Birds 



SECOND SERIES 



XVI. PURPLE GRACKLE 

 Compiled by Harry C. Oberholser, Chiefly from Data in the Biological Survey 



This species is the well-known Crow Blackbird of eastern North .\merica. 

 In some one of its several forms it occurs north to Labrador and Mackenzie, 

 west to the Rocky Mountains, and south to the Gulf of Mexico. It is divided 

 into three subspecies as follows: 



The Florida Crackle (Quiscalus quiscula quisculaY is resident in the southern 

 part of the southeastern United States, and breeds north to the coast of South 

 Carolina, to southern Georgia, southern Alabama, and southern Mississippi; 

 west to eastern Louisiana; south to the coast of the Gulf of Mexico, from 

 eastern Louisiana to southern Florida; and east to the Atlantic coast of 

 Florida, Georgia, and South CaroHna. 



The Purple Crackle {Quiscalus quiscula ridgwayiy breeds north to southern 

 Rhode Island, southern Connecticut, southeastern New York, and north- 

 eastern Pennsylvania; west to central Pennsylvania, extreme western Mary- 

 land, eastern West Virginia, southeastern Kentucky, central Tennessee, and 

 northern Mississippi; south to central Mississippi, central Alabama, and 

 northern South Carolina; and east to central North CaroUna and the 

 Atlantic coast from Virginia to Rhode Island. It winters south to southern 

 Louisiana, southern Alabama, southern South Carolina, and probably 

 to Florida. 



The Bronzed Crackle {Quiscalus quiscula (Bneus) breeds north to central 

 Labrador, James Bay in northern Ontario, Fort Churchill in northern Mani- 

 toba, and to southern Mackenzie; west to southwestern Mackenzie, western 

 Alberta, western Montana, western Wyoming, central Colorado, northwestern 

 and west central Texas; south to central southern Texas, northern Louisiana, 

 western Tennessee, central Kentucky, central West Virginia, southwestern 

 Pennsylvania, southwestern and central New York, northern Connecticut, 

 and northern Rhode Island; east to eastern Massachusetts, eastern Maine, 

 Nova Scotia, and eastern Newfoundland. It winters south also to southern 

 Louisiana, southern Alabama, southern South Carolina, and probably to 

 Florida. 



In the following tables of migration the records marked with an asterisk 

 refer to the Purple Crackle, all the rest to the Bronzed Crackle. 



> The change in the scientific name of this race, although not yet taken up by the American Ornithologists 

 Union Committee on Nomenclature, is apparently necessary'. 



(IQZ) 



