GEOLOGICAL PAPERS. 133 



mines, celebrated for their beauty rather than for their utility, were 

 exhibited in two cases. These consisted of the golden lime or calcite 

 crystals, the rarer and more choice crystals of ruby zinc, and yellow, 

 cadmium-coated crystals. These made a brilliant and beautiful dis- 

 play, and were loaned from the Cooper collection, of Washburn Col- 

 lege, at Topeka. This collection attracted much attention from 

 visitors and was a source of surprise to many, who did not know be- 

 fore that crystals of such beauty could be found in mines of lead and 

 zinc. 



The Kansas lead and zinc display in its own space, combined with 

 the Lanyon exhibit, was one of the features of the mines building. 



COAL. 



Coal was shown in the central space of the exhibit, in the form of 

 a symmetrical pyramid eight feet square at the base and fourteen feet 

 high, containing some sixteen tons of coal from Frontenac, mined and 

 erected at St. Louis by the Mt. Carmel Coal Company without any 

 cost to the state. This coal pyramid was one of the massive displays, 

 and one of the conspicuous exhibits in a group of coal columns and 

 pyramids from the various states in this part of the building, which 

 was sometimes designated as the coal-mines of the fair. With all 

 these coal exhibits, some of which secured the grand prize, Kansas 

 people had no cause to feel ashamed of their coal pyramid. 



This coal shows by analysis the following composition : 



Moisture 1.14 per cent. 



Volatile matter.. 6i.71 



Fixed carbon 24.26 



Ash 6.59 " 



Sulfur 3.30 



COKE. 



The coke made from Kansas coal was shown in a small exhibit from 

 the Eastern Coal and Coke Company, from their ovens at Cokedale. 

 The Standard Oil Company gave the state much valuable assistance 

 in the collection of the crude oils from the different fields, and also 

 made an exhibit of coke made from the residue from the oil in the 

 course of refining at the Neodesha refinery. This fairly compact coke 

 made in this interesting way was the only oil coke exhibited and, be- 

 ing a new and but little-known product, attracted much attention. 



SALT. 



Kansas holds third rank in salt production ; so one of the prominent 

 displays made by Kansas was that of salt. The rock salt from the 

 Lyons shaft was shown in a massive display by the Western Rock- 

 salt Company. This exhibit consisted of three heavy blocks, the 

 largest shown in the building. This display interested the govern- 

 ment experts, and, at their urgent request, was given to them for a 



