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CHAPTER X. 



Caddis-Worms and Carpenter-Caterpillars. 



There is a very interesting class of grubs which live 

 nnder water, where they construct for themselves move- 

 able tents of various materials as their habits direct them, 

 or as the substances they require can be conveniently 

 procured. Among the materials used by these singular 

 grubs, well-known to fishermen by the name of caddis- 

 worms^ and to naturalists as the larvoe of the four-winged 

 flies in the order Trkluoptera of Kirby and Spence, we 

 may mention sand, stones, shells, wood, and leaves, which 

 are skilfully joined and strongly cemented. One of these 

 grubs forms a pretty case of leaves glued together longi- 

 tudinally, but leaving an aperture sufficiently large for 

 the inhabitant to put out its head and shoulders when it 



Leaf Nest of Caddis- Worm. 



wishes to look about for food. Another employs pieces 

 of reed cut into convenient lengths, or of grass, straw, 

 wood, &c., carefully joining and cementing each piece to 

 its fellow as the work proceeds ; and he frequently finishes 



llced Xest of Caddis-Worm.- 



the whole by adding a broad piece longer than the rest 

 to shade his door-way over-head, so that he may not be 

 seen from above. A more laborious structure is reared 

 by the grub of a beautiful caddis-fly {Phryganea), which 

 weaves together a group of the leaves of aquatic plants 



