MIXING CATERPILLARS. 



207 



of the rose-leaf, by eating the pulp both from the tipper 

 and under surface, at least the track is equally distinct 

 above and below; yet this may arise from the different 

 consistence of the leaf pulp, that in the rose being firm, 

 while that of the bramble is soft and puffy. 



Leaf of the Dew-berry Bramble (Rubus ccesius'), mined by Caterpillars. 



On the leaves of the common primrose {Pri7nula veris), as 

 well as on the garden variety of it, the polyanthus, one 

 of those mining caterpillars may very frequently be found. 

 It is, however, considerably difterent from the preceding, 

 for there is no black trace — no river to the valley which 

 it excavates : its ejectamenta, being small and solid, are 



Leaf of tlie Primrose {Primula veris), mined by a Cateri)illar. 



seen, when the leaf is dried, in little black points like 

 grains of sand. This miner also seems more partial than 

 the preceding to the mid-rib and its vicinity, in conse- 

 quence of which its path is seldom so tortuous, and often 

 appears at its extremity to terminate in an area, conii^ara- 



