82 



first species piiblislied luuler a new .t;emis as the type species to Avliicli 

 tlie genus is to lie iiivarialily ancliored, and from wliicli its essential cliar- 

 acters are to l)e drav/n, tlie cedar apples must Ite listed under the Linn;x>au 

 genus Trcindla, while the fate of the name Piicciiiia was left in doul)t. 



In the meantime the amended rules of nomenclature by the American 

 Committee have been distril)uted, and although these recognize the great 

 value of types, a specimen used by the author as type of the species, and 

 a species as type of the genus, they provide other ways of determining 

 the type of a genus than always taking tlie first specu's named under it. 

 The new rules reipiire flint the intent of the aufhdr. or if tliat is not 

 ascerfainalile. the usage of liis followers, sliall lie resiiected. 



If we examine the status of the three genera, 'rmurlld. di/iiniosixnvni- 

 (jiiiin and I'licriiiiti, under the present rules, we will Hiid tliat the first 

 becomes a genus of alg;o. not longer to be included among the fungi, the 

 second is restored to tlie position it has long occuiiicil. wliile the third 

 is well nigh lost in the toils. 



The name I'liccinia was introduced into liotanicjij literature by [Nlicheli 

 in 172!>, and is coiisecnientl.v pre-I.inna'an. It was eniploycd by ITaller 

 in two different works prior to IT.").'!. t]i<" initial date for the oiicration of 

 the law of priority, and by the same author in liis Histitria slirjiiiun iinli- 

 (jciiunim /l(ir<ii<f 'lui-hduld ( \'oi. Ill, \k VHU of 17(iS. The last work, how- 

 ever. dO(>s nut eiiiiiloy liiiiomiai names. ;iiid is not to lie iiscd in establish- 

 ing modern noiiienclafiii-(>. Another early :iutlior, who cites the name 

 I'iK-riiiid. is Adaiison in his J'diiiilhs ths I'laiilc.s ( \'o]. II, p. 8) of lHV.i. He 

 adopts both the n.-iiiie and the desciiptioii of flie genus from Micheli, but 

 does not mention ;iny species. There is ;i failure, therefore, to establish 

 the genus on iiccounf of the Inck of a type species. 



Tlie next oldst author to emiiloy the name is Willdenow in his FIor(C 

 lU rnlhiinslx, of ITS". A\'ill(lenow characterizes liis genus I'liccin'id as fol- 

 lows: "Corinis fi/rni(]rdc(inii scininilnis cdiiddfis nnJidlnu posifis, cldsficc 

 crsiliciitiliKs fd ret mil/' Under this genus he places a single species, 

 I'liccinia siiiijilcr, whicli is described as "/'. carparc ci/Iindrico simplicissimo 

 ohiiiso.'' It is s.-iid to occur on the trunks of jilum trees (Pniiiiis 

 (ii-niciiidcir) in autumn, and to lie rare in the vicinity of Berlin. 

 Alfhougli reference is made to Micheli. yet careful comparison shows con- 

 clusively tliat Willdeiiow's plant was different from tli.'it of the Italian 

 antlior. Moreover, if could not have l)eeu one of the cedar apples 



