59 



(1) The trinieni female transitional toward the /il/>/iiinion and 

 hijij'deooniiles females, respectively mimicking Amauiis niarins and 

 its eastern race (l(iiiniiica)iiis. The pale yellow was fluorescent at 

 both elevations. 



(2) The laiiibi)nii female, transitional toward the trojiltmiixsa 

 (West) and tropJionins (East) females, mimicking Danaidacliriixippns. 

 Here, too, the pale yellow was fluorescent at both elevations. 



(3) A primitive form of the E. and S.E. African cenea female, 

 mimicking Anianris eclieria and albiinncidata in the same region. 

 The pale yellow of two out of three of the primitive females from 

 the high Escarpment fluoresced, but not one of the three from 

 Mairobi. Comparing the two sets of three carefully, it was clear 

 that the females from the lower elevations were a shade darker than 

 the tw^o which fluoresced. Their yellow pigment had evidently 

 taken a definite step towards the still darker pigment of the mimic, 

 and, in so doing, had become chemically changed, as shown by the 

 different reaction to ultra-violet rays. 



It is interesting to note that the pale yellow pigment ceases to 

 fluoresce when it brightens into white (as in liippocoon) no less than 

 when it darkens into orange-brown {trophonius) or ochreous [cenea). 



The utilization and transformation of the pigment of a non- 

 mimetic male by its mimetic females could hardly receive a more 

 beautiful or convincing demonstration than this, afforded by Dr. 

 Cockayne's method. 



Lord Rothschild exhibited a series of I'ajnlio xiachcuni, and the 

 allied species to illustrate the various geographical races, including 

 in most cases both the spring and the summer emergences, and 

 some preserved larvfe : — 



The typical form of P. machaun was shown in a long series from 

 many localities in Central and Southern Europe, from Asia Minor, 

 the Urals, the Caucasus, Turkestan and S. and Central Siberia; 

 and special attention was drawn to the entirely black aberration 

 from Gissen in Germany. In the race hrittaiiiciit< from the Fen 

 and Broad districts attention was drawn to the unique yellow, 

 bandless aberration. Of the race mliarae from S. Algeria preserved 

 larvae were shown, and it was pointed out that the black bands 

 •were broken up into spots as in the larvae of P. /toxpiton. Other races 

 exhibited were manretanica from Tunis and Algeria, inaximn from 

 Morocco, uHsnriensis from the Amur and N. China, inoittauns from 

 Kuku-Nor and the N. Chinese Mts., asiatica from N.W. India and 

 Cashmere, ladakensis from Cashmere, tiikki)nentiis, a single- brooded 



