55 



females, he obtained sandy-brown coloured males which Caradja 

 named staiulfussi, but they appear to be identical with the wild 

 bina<ihii form of Turati. I have myself obtained this same cross ; 

 the colour of the males differs little from the darkest coloured of the 

 rustica race. Standfuss also paired females of standfussi with 

 white rii.stica males and obtained white, much spotted males 

 which Caradja named inversa. I do not propose to enter further 

 into these experiments here, nor to detail the results of others in 

 true hybridization with allied species that have been obtained, but 

 those who are interested will find full accounts in Standfuss' 

 "Handbuch der palilarktischen Gross-Schmetterlinge," p. 224, etc. 

 Caradja, "Iris," viii., p. 82, xi., p. 397, etc. Rothschild "Nov. 

 Zool.," xvii., p. 148. Oberthiir " Etudes de Lep. Comparee," 

 v., p. 52. Cockayne, "Ent. Rec," xxxi., p. 101, and Onslow, 

 "Journal of Genetics," xi., p. 277, etc. Var. vieitli, Car.; var. 

 hilaris, Car., and var. heata, Car., and others are names given to the 

 forms resulting from these experiments in true hybridization and 

 not from pairings between forms of the one species. 



The venosa form also has been paired with the type ; in this case 

 the male being typical (Sussex) and the female venosa. The progeny 

 followed much the same lines as in the rustica x luendica cross, 

 being intermediate, but are a remarkable series. In the males the 

 prevailing colour is a decided grey, varying individually in depth of 

 shade from light to dark, the chief veins are indicated by pale 

 streaks and the fringes in most of the individuals are of the same 

 pale colour as the veins. The females closely follow the female 

 parent. For this mongrel race I suggest the varietal name of 

 uiistiiia as appropriate. I have been fortunate in securing a pairing 

 between moths of this cross and hope to be able to report the result 

 of this second generation at some future time. 



Gynandeomorphism. 



Gynandromorphism in the species, too, is a question that has 

 led to some little confusion. So long ago as 1849 Wing wrote 

 a paper on gynandromorphs that had come under his notice, and 

 it was published in the " Transactions of the Entomological 

 Society of London," vol. v., p. 119, and accompanied by a very 

 beautifully executed coloured plate (No. xiv.). In it he says 

 " Many instances have been recorded of insects that have 

 exhibited the characters of both sexes, as well as in the colours and 

 markings on the wings and body as in the form of different parts ; 

 and as a few specimens of these among the Lepidoptera have come 

 to my knowledge, I have thought it desirable that accurate figures 

 and descriptions of these specimens should be published. I have 

 therefore drawn up short notices of their principal characters." On 

 page 120 he says, " Diaphora iiiendica (PI. xiv., fig 5). This specimen 

 has the form of the wings, body and antennae of the male, l)ut the 

 colour and markings of the female. The nnile of this species, as 



