79 



considered as a form of hyperantits, previously dealt with by him 

 (I.e., p. 195). (" If it be included here at all it must be as a var." 

 J. W. Tutt in lit.). 



In 1781, Barbut, in his famous work " Genera Insectorum of 

 Linnaeus," used hyperantus as the British exponent of the Festivi 

 section of the Danai group of the Linnsean Papilio. 



In 1783, Retzius, in his " Genera et Species Insectorum " of de 

 Geer, re-named the species as Papilio tristan (p. 38) giving as a 

 synonym Linneus' name hyperantus. 



In 1799 (?), Hiibner, in " Sammlung Europaischer Schmetterlinge," 

 jBgured Papilio polymeda (172,173), and in 1806 gave the text 

 referring to the figures (p. 28) indicating fig. 173 as the form 

 arete which he wrongly ascribed to Schneider, " Systematische 

 Beschreibung," p. 102 (1787). 



In 1801, Schrank, in his "Fauna Boica " (vol. ii., pt. 1), placed 

 hyperant{h)ns in his second group in a comprehensive genus, diag- 

 nosed in some detail, Maniola. 



Our own Haworth, in 1803, in " Lepidoptera Britannica " (vol. 

 i., p. 14), gives the typical form and refers to a form "alls utraque 

 inocellatis vel punctis obscuris loco ocellorum," i.e., the form arete 

 of Miiller. This is our first reference of its being found in Britain. 



In 1805, Latreille, in his " Histoire Naturelle, g^nerale et par- 

 ticuliere des Crustaces et des Insectes " of Buffon's works, placed 

 hyperant{h)us in his Satyri section of the very "omnibus" genus 

 Ny^nphalix. 



In 1807, in " Illiger's Magazin," (vol. vi., p. 277, etc.), appeared 

 a long article on the Classification of the Butterflies and Sphingids, 

 giving the new genera proposed by Fabricius in his " Systema 

 Glossatorum " (unpublished), and by Latreille in his "Histoire 

 Naturelle." In this article hyperant{h)us is placed in the genus 

 Hipparchia. 



In 1810, Latreille, in his " Considerationes Generales " (pp. 355 

 and 440), proposed the genus Satyrus, but did not indicate all the 

 species it embraced until 1819 in his article in the " EncyclopMie 

 Methodique." Here he put hyperant{k)us in his section H of the 

 comprehensive genus Satyrus. 



Previous to this inclusion in Satyrus Hiibner had issued his 

 famous " Verzeichniss bekannter Schmetterlinge," in 1816, and 

 there described the genus Knodia (p. 61), placing in it the three 

 species andromache, dejanira, and hyperanthe (polymeda, Scop.) 

 (hyprant{h)us, L.). 



In the same year, 1816, Dalman published a " Systematic 



