91 



(2) var. raphani the summer form, with underside of hindwings 

 yellowish instead of green. Perhaps there is also ab. anthracina 

 white darkened by black scaling. Examples taken in the South of 

 England rarely reach the size of the Sicilian summer form. 



(3) bAichlo'e (Anthocharis) belia [cramen). — When Cramer figured 

 belia about the year 1790, his type specimen was a female he had 

 received from Smyrna and his object was to differentiate it from a 

 female cardamines, and he adds I do not know if the males have 

 also an orange coloured blotch (tache) on the forewing as that of 

 the just mentioned cardamines. However, the name belia has with- 

 stood all the efforts of the nomenclature revolutionists. [This is not 

 so. Dr. Verity has conclusively shown (1913, Jin. Linn. Soc, Z(»d.)y 

 that we should call this species crameri. This our nomenclature 

 committee has confirmed. — H.J.T.] I have to thank Mr. Turner for 

 kindly letting me examine his Kuchloes for varieties and abnormal 

 specimens. Var. ausonia is said to be the summer form of belia. 

 These which I exhibit belong to the two broods, but in no case can 

 I find the silvery spotting on the underside, which is said to distin- 

 guish belia from ausonia. Altogether there are five forms of belia 

 said to occur in Sicily and South Italy, var. ausonia the summer 

 form, ab. romana a transition from belia to ausonia, ab. hritgtri 

 broader greyish-black apex to forewing and underside of hindwing 

 sharply marked with dark green and white, ab. trinacria apex 

 strongly spotted with white and underside of hindwing showing 

 strongly developed white spots, and ab. matutia only small white 

 spots in black area of forewing the middle black spot being very 

 large and underside of hindwing showing only a few small white 

 spots. My specimens are from a wide area, ranging from sea-level 

 to over 5,000 ft. up, the small specimen, ab. minor we might call it> 

 was captured at Motta St. Anastasia, on the plain of Catania, where 

 the River Simeto flows very sluggishly to the sea. 



(4) Anchocharis {bhichlo'e) cardamines. — I apologise for showing 

 these specimens as they have been shewn before. I am very fond 

 of the small race found on Mt. Etna, which at its "dwarfist" 

 extends no more than one inch and one line. Apparently the 

 central spot varies much in size. A dwarf form has been named 

 ab. hesperidis by Newnham and ab. minor by Cockerell. A southern 

 form with orange patch reaching only to the black median spot has 

 been named ab. turritis. Seitz's description of cardamines says 

 " the average red patch does not reach much further than the 

 discocellular spot" and I have put in several specimens which agree 

 with this description from various parts of Italy. In addition I 



