8 



those species whose larvas were unknown being placed close to the 

 species to which in the imaginal stage they appeared to him to be 

 related. <!.//., met/era next to aeijeria. " Two-horned larvae, margin- 

 eyed butterflies." 



Scopoli, in 1777, " Introd. Hist. Nat.," placed all the Satyrids 

 and many other species such as apnllo, iris, etc., in a genus Argus, 

 which he diagnosed as having wings somewhere ocellated, not tailed, 

 nor ornamented. This he subdivided into (a) e3'ed, hijpermitKs, etc., 

 (b) eyed and banded, meiiera, etc., (c) eyed and l^lotched, oeiferia, 

 etc., (d) eyed and spotted, io. Quite an unnatural classification, but 

 at the same time he perceived that the aegeria group of species was 

 separable from the megera group. 



Borkhausen, 1788, "Nat. eur. Schm.," placed the Satyrids in the 

 4th Family " Oreaden (Oreades) " of his 1st Horde " Nymphalen 

 (Nymphfe)," but did not further subdivide it. 



Fabricius, in 1793, "Ent. Sys.," vol. iii., placed all the Satyrids 

 (119) in the genus Hijipardiia which he described as follows in 

 1807 (" Illiger. Mag.," vol. vi.) :— 



" Palpi 2, long, fine, compressed, longer fringed towards the 

 outside, 8-jointed, 3rd joint short, bent inwards, pointed, turned 

 back below the apex. Antennte thicker towards the extremity, 

 rather pointed." 



In 1801, Schrank in " Fn. Boica.," vol. ii., (1), established the 

 genus Moviola for all the species we now term Satyrids. This he 

 divided into sections without names, galathca, acijeria, megera, 

 maera, dejanira {acldne), etc., being in the first section. 



Schrank diagnosed his genus Maniola as follows : — 



" Antennae filiform, clubbed at the end, the clubs cjdinder shaped, 

 slender. Feet six, the first pair extremely short, hidden under the 

 breast hairs, clawless, tufted. Wings at rest entirely erect. 



A. Wings mostly brownish ; some ocelli at the hind margin. 

 Larvae tapering backwards, the anal extremity with small 



double points. 

 The head almost round. Transformation in the air in a 

 front 2-pointed pupa, which hangs merely by the hinder 

 end point. 



- Wings many eyed, short toothed. 



*:;: Wings many eyed, smooth edged. 



'•'*"'' Wings toothed with a few small ocelli." 



This includes the whole of what are known as Satyrids. (The 

 division B. includes iris, etc.). 



In 1H05 Latreille, "Hist. Nat. Crust, et Ins.," vol. xiii., placed 

 our Satyrids in the Satgri section of Xgiiip/ialis. 



In 1809 Latreille, " Gen. Crust, et Ins.," vol. iv., p. 194, con- 

 tinued the use of Mgin/ihalis with Satgri as the group name. 



In 1810 Latreille, " Considerations gen.," pp. 355 and 440, sepa- 

 rated Satgrus from ygiiiphalis, and included a heterogeneous set of 

 species. 



