11 



the larva of /-. me<jera is elongated, villose, with two short points 

 at the tail, and the pupa is short, thick, with small angular points, 

 and two points at the head ; it is suspended by the tail. The 

 chrysalis of L. iiiaera, according to M. Marloy, is suspended by the 

 tail in the open air ; it is naked and angular with two points on the 

 head, and with broad brown bands on the wing-covers. This genus 

 corresponds with the first section of Hipparchia, of Curtis and 

 Stephens, and with Dnponchel's fifth group, Vicu-tden, the species 

 being said to occur in the neighbourhood of habitations. Stephens 

 more correctly states that they frequent woods, lanes, and highways. 

 They form Hubner's two groups I'arann' and Ih'ra." 



In 1840, Boisduval brought out another "Ind. Meth.," in which 

 he much subdivided the genus Sati/rus, including under "oculi 

 hirti," cli/iiie)U', roxelaiia, iiiaera, hiera, )iie[/era, oeitcria (and var. 

 .rijihia), and dejanira {achine). 



In 1813 Herrich-Schaeffer, " Sys. Bearb. Schm. Eur.," vol. i., 

 spelled the genus Farania, possibly copying Heydenreich, " Verz.," 

 and included the same species. 



Duponchel. in 1844, "Cat. Meth. Lep.,"' used S«^//n/.s in the same 

 sense as Boisduval, much dividing it into sections. 



In 1850 Stephens, "Cat. Lep. B. M.," restricted his former 

 extended use of Hipparchia for all the Satyrids to comprise only 

 seiiii'le,ja)iiia&ndtithoitiis. He adopted the genus Lasinnnnata oi 

 Westwood for cwiieria and )iiei/i'ra. 



In 1850 Doubieday, Westwood and Hewitson, " Gen. Diur. Lep.," 

 vol. ii., p. 885, in a very elaborate way, redescribed the genus 

 Lasioiimiata and made it very comprehensive, including the follow- 

 ing somewhat heterogeneous mass of species : dimenc, roxelana, 

 niacra, Iiiera [li/!<sa), iiiei/era {tt'.(/eliiis), aef/eria, xipliia, tiejaiiii a =^ achine, 

 cfersinanni, schakra, cordace, satriciis, montrollii, vlenuion [.■), zac- 

 liaeits (/), uiernpe, phileynpe, bcntksia, Jiobartia, arhanta {.-), simja (''), 

 abcoua (/), latltoniella (/), and making it an omnibus genus to cover 

 /)//•(/, I'ararije, Epini'jdiele and F.noilia of Iliib. Some of the above 

 specie.s were included doubtfully, and in fact the last thirteen have 

 been since definitely and properly removed from Lasionnnata in 

 which they were certainly misplaced. 



In 1852 Lederer, ''Verb, zool.-bot. Ver. Wien.," used LUuaiija for 

 aeijeria, nici/era, etc., copying the spelling of Herrich-Schaeft'er, etc. 



In 1856 Herrich-Schilfter, "Sys. Bearb.," vol. i. and vi., p. 3 

 (Verz.), still spelt Hiibncr's genus as I'arartja, and arranged the 

 species thus : — 



1 . (h'/aiiira = achiitr. 



II. 1. A. rb/inene (var. rtKcandra) and roxdniia. 



B. (a) {ti;/diiis), hiaera (var. adraxta), and ineffera. 

 (b) hiera. 

 2. aeijeria, meone and xiphia. 

 placing them in verj' natural subdivisions. He had dropped the 



