13 



median nervures dilated near the base ; hindwings slightly elongated, 

 with faintly scalloped margins. Larvae smooth and elongated, with 

 two anal points. Pup;e stout, angulated, with two points to the 

 head ; suspended by the tail." 



In 1896, Tutt, " Brit. Butt.," p. 375, etc., included the same two 

 species. He diagnosed the genus, "Larva, with three subsegments 

 to first thoracic segment, four to the second and third thoracic, and 

 six to the abdominal segments. Pupa with two movable abdominal 

 incisions." (Power of movement in the incisions between the 4-5 

 and 5-6 abdominal segments.) He laid stress upon the more 

 generalised characters in both larvae and pupaj of this genus among 

 the Satyrids. 



Meyrick " Hand. Brit. Lep.," (1896) added nothing to the above, 

 except a table of what he takes to be the philogeny of the Sciti/n'floe 

 as ii whole, deriving Paran/c and Sati/rux from Epiiiephele, p. 336, 

 contrary to the indications given by both larva and pupa as pointed 

 out bv Chapman [1895, " Ent. Rec," vol.vi., p. 101 (Citv of Lond, 

 Ent. Soc, 1894)] . 



Kirby, in 1896, " Hand. Lep.," p. 207, included only aet/eiia as 

 the British representative of Para /v/t' and placed tueijera in the genus 

 iScttiftiis with iiiaera. 



He added to previous diagnoses of Pararije, " palpi with the ter- 

 minal joint short" and "wings with the costal nervure inuch 

 thickened at the base." 



Wheeler, in his "Butt, of Switz.," p. 102, etc., 1903, included 

 rnaera, hieia, iiietiera, aeneria and achine in Paranje. He stated the 

 distinguishing character of the genus to be " upperside hindwing a 

 series of eye-spots following outer margin." 



Recent opinion on the Continent. 



Staudinger, in 1901, in his " Cat.," ed. iii., p. 60, gave specific rank 

 to .rip/iia, Fab., and )iienaca and added epimemdea, ('painiuoiidas and 

 sc/irenckii, while omitting thibetaiia, ('piscopalia, pracnsta, iiiajiisvida, 

 didiietoniHi and ratt'ua, all of which had been described previous to 

 1901, by Leech or Oberthiir. Possibly he considered them extra- 

 palaearctic, or was it an iiiiiore-ance of Oberthiir's work. 



We now come to what is probably the latest published opinion, 

 that of Dr. Seitz. 



Seitz, in 1908, "Mac. Lep. Pal.," vol. i., p. 133, considered that 

 the genus Paran/e may well be an inclusive one as the species are 

 very near each other morphologically and biologically. He included 

 aegi'ria {.ciphia and .ripliioides), thibctano, episcopalis, praeiista, mxe- 

 lana, rlii>ie)U', erersinanni {cashmiroisis), iiier/era, hicra, maera {inaentla, 

 iiienara, slialcra), majii^cula, deidanieia, dutnetonuii, ac/iiiie and catena. 

 He adds very little to the previously given generic characters, speaks 

 of the " feebly marked, somewhat flattened club, the entire wings, with 

 margin undulate on hindwings, sometimes dentate, and sometimes 



