Esp., C. par any III pha, L., C. hyiiieiuea, L., U. conversa, Esp., C 

 eutijchea, Tr., C. diversa, Hb.G., C. disjuncta, Hb.G., and C. 

 nymphafjoga, Esp. Several of these I am exhibiting mainly obtained 

 from the duplicate boxes of the late J. W. Tutt. 



" Staudinger in 1901 in his 'Catalog. Pal. Grs.,' ed., iii., expands 

 this number into 53 species for the whole of the Palsearctic area, 

 but exactly agrees as to those which are only found in the European 

 countries. His nomenclature is the same with the one exception 

 that for paranyiiipha, of L., he substitutes the na,m.e fiilminea, Scop., 

 which has prior claim." 



" In volume iii. of Seitz Palfearctic section of ' Gross. Schm.' 

 (1914), the sectional editor, the late W. Warren, divides the 87 species 

 he recognises into three genera. In Moniionia he places three 

 species, including our British C. sponsa; in Catocala (sen. strict.) he 

 includes 46 species, among which are found the British remaining 

 representatives C. niipta, C. proinissa and C. fraxini ; in the third, 

 Ephesia, are 33 somewhat smaller species most of which have yellow 

 hindwings. . 



" Both the genera Mormonia and Ephesia had been founded by 

 Hiibner many years before, but were seldom used until restituted 

 by modern research and study. 



" The basis of this separation into lesser genera is mainly the 

 structure of the hind legs. In Moriiwnia and Catocala the hind 

 tibiae are furnished with spines, while in Ephesia the hind tibi?e have 

 no spines. To separate Moriiinnia from Catocala, the species in the 

 former have spines along the whole length of the tibiae, while in the 

 true Catocala these spines only exist in the space between the two 

 pairs of tibial spurs. This latter distinction may be found useful 

 for us to separate any doubtful examples of C. jn-oiniasa and C. 

 sponsa. 



" America however is the great home of the ' red underwing.' 

 On consulting Dyar's ' Cat. of N. American Lep.' (1902), I find no 

 less than 104 species in the genus Catocala, but I do not find that 

 any one species is common to both continents. A perusal of 

 American entomological magazines shews a considerable number of 

 entomologists who specialise in these insects alone. 



" In N. America the usual way of hunting for Catocalas is to go 

 through the woodland, gently rattling the leaves with a long 

 switch and watching closely where the disturbed moth settles. As 

 they are large in size and do not as a rule go far this is not a 

 difficult task. The large trees in their known habitats are care- 



