1916. italica. Verity.—" Ent. Rec," p. 167 (the slightly modified 

 Italian race from the neighbourhood of Florence.) 

 ? . bipiipillata. Mosley. 

 1905. casJmiirensis. Bingham. — " Fn. Ind.," vol. i., p. 112 (some- 

 times thought to be a Himalayan form of (rt/eria). 

 Note. — There is a considerable amount of unravelling of the 

 various forms still needed. The vieone, for instance, of 

 the different authors are very different insects. 



IV. Time of appearance. 



1. Continental. Seitz says ("Mac. Lep.," p. 13B), "In the 

 warmer districts the butterfly is on the wing all through the year, 

 the numerous broods overlapping." 



2. British. Barrett says (" Lep. Brit. Isles.," vol. i., p. 231), 

 " Doubtless the warmth or coldness of the weather, with the 

 presence or absence of sunshine, is largely influential. The result 

 of this susceptibility to external influences is that the butterfly is 

 seen on the wing in different years in every month from March to 

 October, or even November." 



V. Growing Scarcity (Evidences of). 



1. Absence of species in lists of captures in all the magazines, 

 particularly in the neighbourhood of London. 



2. Practical disappearance from Hertfordshire : teste Mr. A. E. 

 Gibbs in Annual Address to the Hertfordshire N. H. Society, 1916. 



3. Records summarised by the Rev. C. R. N. Barrows for the 

 last 60 years, "Ent. Record," vol. xxviii., p. 112 (1916). 



4. Disappearance from Ranmore Common, Bookbam, Merrow, 

 Epping Forest, Lewes, Kent, etc., teste J. Jenner Weir, Prof. 

 Meldola, C. Fenn, Hy. J. Turner, etc. 



VI. Breeding experiments. 



1898. Mr. H. Williams.—" Proc. S. Lond. Ent. S.," p. 114. Ova 

 laid July 27th, hatched August 7th, 1st larva pupated 

 September 1st, 1st imago appeared September 19th, $ . 

 Rest pupated end of September. Some pupte subjected to 

 high dry temperature, some to high saturated tempera- 

 ture, some in a cage near the fire-grate, and eight out of 

 doors from November. Imagines of first three sets 

 emerged in November and December, the eight out doors 

 emerged in early April. 



