95 



/. ei/estas, Fruh. Dalmatia. 



(/. siiioa, Verity. Sardinia. 



h. italiea, Verity. Florence and Italy. 



i. (?) cas/tinirensis, Bing. W. Himalayas. 



VIII. Questions for further investigation.. 



1. The position of the xlphia of Fabricius. 



2. The figures of xiplda in Herrich-Schaeffer. 



3. The position of the meone of Cramer. 



4. Where does Esper's meone come ? 



5. What is .viphioides, Stdgr. ? 



7. Is Wagner's figure of meone, " Keis. Alg.," vol. iii., pi. ix., 



1841, the nearest approach to Linnaeus' ayeria'? 



8. What is Boisduval's figure of .viphia, " Icones," vol. i., pi. 44, 



figs. 6 and 7 ? 



9. The elucidation of Hiibner's figures 179, 180, 181, 182. 

 10. Are there parallel races not repeated broods in the j'ear ? 



Mr. Gibbs exhibited a case containing a series of difterent forms 

 of Paraiye ayeiia from widespread localities, including var. etjerides, 

 from England, Seine-et-Marne, Vosges, and Swiss Jura ; the eight- 

 spotted Balkan form from Montenegro, which Cosmovici has named 

 var. alba ; a specimen from Salonica which more nearly approaches 

 typical (ii/eria : intermediates from the Eiviera; the ordinary 

 southern form from eastern Pyrenees, Corsica, Sicily, Cyprus, and 

 Algeria ; the true vieone, Cr., from Morocco ; and var. xijihioides 

 from Teneriffe. He expressed the opinion that modern authorities 

 were correct in holding that Linnaeus had bestowed the name (ryeria 

 upon the southern form ; the definite statement as to the locality 

 from which the specimens he was describing came, and the colour- 

 adjective he used, were strong evidence that this was so. He 

 thought, however, that Staudinger's name for the northern form, 

 ei/erides, must fall before the earlier appellation tircis used by 

 the French authors for this butterfly. So far as he was aware the 

 name tircis was first printed by Geoftroy in 1764, but he gave no 

 figure, and the description did not help much. It must be remem- 

 bered that but six years had elapsed since Linnjeus bestowed the 

 name (/■(leria on the species, and the difference between its two forms 

 was probably not then recognised. But in 1779 Ernst and Engra- 

 melle published their " Insectes d'Europe," and in it they figured 

 and described the northern form under the name of tircis. J. B. 



