129 



shore nnd beyoiul which extends the itiultihitiiig tiphiiul. foriiiing the 

 chai-aeteristie toiiography of the region in generah lu only three rather 

 narrow points does tlse terrace apijroacli very near to tlie water's edge. 

 These phices are (1) ahing the northern part of the hil^e. near tlie nortliei'ii 

 end of the Assembly groniuls, (2) at the place known locally as Yarnelle's 

 lauding, or Yarnelle's jioint. and i:!) neai- the outlet. At all other places 

 it recedes from the lake, leaving a large, level, lake plain. The rampart 

 of hills, or terrace, is cut throngh in three places: (ll Cherry Creek A-alley, 

 C2) the valley of Clear Creek, and (8) at the outlet. In the direction of 

 Warsaw there is a hnig stretch of low ground, the exact natural limits 

 of Avhich it is inipossihle to define on account of many artificial changes, 

 lint which contains ?Iarket-street pcnnl. an interesting liody of water, and 

 extends farther on toward the lakes on the other side of Warsaw, such as 

 Pike Lake. Center Lake and otliers. 



Along the southeast and south shore is a liigh. narrow ice ridge be- 

 tween the lake ajid the lake plain. The ice ridge is present elsewhere 

 also, but is nowhere else so plainly marked. Fig. 1 siiows a bit of old 

 tolerably well marlced ice ridge in this region. 



In the discussion the regions about and including the lake Avill be noted 

 in the following order: d) The terrace and upland, along with the gullies 

 through them. (2) The lowland between the terrace and the lake, con- 

 sisting of lake plain and lowland forest. i:>i The lake shore and belt of 

 shore plants. (4) The ponds and bayous Itelonging to the lake plain, (.j) 

 The belt of marsh plants (plants with emersed leaves), and of short- 

 .stemmed aquatic^. Ki) The l)elt of long-stemmed aquatics. In tlie general 

 discussion, simply typical spec-ies will be mentioned. The lake plants 

 proper will be discussed more thoroughly later. 



The terrace is composed of a yellow sand with an admixture of some 

 clay. Tbe slope from the lake plain is occasionally gradual; always, how- 

 ever, there is finally a rather steep and bluffy ascent. At Yarnelle's point 

 there is no gradital slope at all. but the bank rises sheer from the water's 

 edge. 



THE ITLAXD.— In tl;e state of natui-e the upland is covered Avitli a 

 forest of such trees as the various oaks and hickories, some walnuts, a 

 few tulip trees, wild cheriy, ash and elm. In some cases there is no undei"- 

 growth of shrubs, and very little grass or herbs, as the forest floor is 

 covered with a tliick carpet of dried leaves. At other places, especially 

 near the sides of gullies, there is an undergrowth of such shrubs as prickly 



