132 



forest, has taken the phiee and grows so thic-kly as to shade out all under 

 growth except a few spindly, discouraged-looking plants of red sorrel, 

 Rumex acetoseHd. The lower leaves of this copse of sassafras took on beau- 

 tiful autumnal coloration quite early in 1900. It was quite noticeable 

 toward the end of July. Other parts of this once cleared place are covered 

 with a thick sod of Kentucky blue grass. 



There is also in the region just described (east of the lake) a sparse 

 growth of scrubby oaks with clumps of raspberry and blackberry and wild 

 grapes here and there. 



The Russian mull>erry has established itself here and forms an 

 abundant sprinkling through the copse. The trees have in all probability 

 sprung from seed sc-attered by birds. A peculiarity of this place is the 

 tendency of plants of one species to form continuous patches to the exclu- 

 sion of almo.st everything else. The sassafras has been cited as an ex- 

 ample of this. One finds here and there a large bright green spot where 

 dewberry vinos have crowded out everything else. In other spots large 

 patches of common five-finger (Potentilla canadcnse), in others Sieironema 

 cUiatiiDi, and in others of prostrate tick trefoil cover the ground exclu- 

 sively. 



Where the ground has been wholly cleared, and cultivated, and then 

 abandoned, Ave have, besides the ever present ragweed and Chcnopodium, 

 such rosette plants as mullein, pasture thistle, and Canada thistle. Pepper 

 gi-ass is abundant, shepherd's purse scarce. There is also an abundance of 

 such mat plants as purslane, carpetweed, and spreading spurges. Species 

 of Eragrostis spread out in the form of mats. Crabgi-ass is abundant, and 

 where the gi'ound is cultivated, one of the most persistent and annoying 

 weeds. Eupliorhki corrolata is particularly abundant and conspicuous. 



The gullies and immediately adjacent forests have a flora of their own 

 somewhat different from the rest. The gully of CheiTy Oi'eek is a broad, 

 level, swampy ti'act of country, covered with Avillows, sedges, skunk cab- 

 bages and various other marsh plants. It has a. mucky soil, and resembles 

 an extension of the lake plain. 



Along the sides of this gully is considerable underbrush in the forest. 

 There are plenty of such small trees as juneberry, flo\<^ering dogwood, 

 Ironwood, water-beech and haws, and such shrubs as hop-trees (Ptelca), 

 witch hazel, bladdernut, and so on. Far up the gully is a specimen of the 

 laurel-leaved oak, Qiicrcus imhricnria, and one of alternate-leaved dog- 

 wood, neither of which are particularly common in the region. At the foot 



