107 



racemosa. and the Polder (Saiulnicus Canadeiisisi. This mesopliytie strip 

 foiins a zone of tension between tlie more nearly hydrophytic beach and 

 the senii-xercphytie hill adjoiniiii;- on the west. At Yarnelle's landing, 

 north of the dred.u'e. where the land rises (juite snddenly from the water's 

 edge, joining- the liills a sliort distance beyond, there are comparatively 

 few willows. 'I'lie sycamores and cottonwoods of the shore are accom- 

 panied by the aspens iPopnlns ti'cmnloidesi. The elm (Ulmus Americana), 

 idaciv haw (^'illurnunl prnnifoliiim). the liiclvory and Sassafras officinale. 

 Closely adjoining are tlie mayapple. grape, red bnd (Cercis Canadensis), 

 and prickly ash (Xanthoxylnm Americannmi. This evolution of plant so- 

 cieties on the lake shore is perhaps shown even more beautifully in the 

 vegetation of the two long points of land i>rojecting out into the north- 

 west arm. These are shown at the left in Fig. 1, the one in the fore- 

 ground showing the more advanced stage. 



2. Tlie Swamp. — Tlie encroachment of vegetation upon the lake, with 

 its deatli and decay, makes the water shallower and finally unlits it for 

 the plants themselves. This filling up process is aided by the deposition 

 of material carried in by the streams that feed its waters, and ultimately 

 we have a swamp taking the place of the lake. These may lie f(mnd in 

 various stages of construction and destruction in the region alxnit Winona 

 which was at one time itself a part of the lake. 



One of the youngest of these, near the east shore of the lake and 

 bordering upon Cherry Creek, has its surface covered with duckweed 

 (I.,emna, Spirodela and Wolffia) with arrowhead and yellow water lilies 

 near the sliore in some places, followed by grasses, the Iris (Versicolor* 

 and sedges (Carex vuli»inoidea and Carex bipulinai. Surrounding these 

 are the button bush, osier dogwood, willows, swamp white oak and elm 

 and the fern (Aspidium thelypterisi. In some places where the swamp 

 is becoming tilled up. a di-nse growtli of rolygomim is found in the center. 



At many places aliout the lake is the swamp meadow, a wide stretch 

 of fiat land with rich muck soil. One of the most interesting of these 

 lies just nortli of The lake. Here are grasses, sedges. Salix amygdaloides, 

 the shield fern (A.spidium thelypteris), Potentilla fruticosa (shrubby cinque- 

 foil), Eupatorium purpureum, osier dogwood, Carolina rose. Joe Pye-Weed. 

 Solidago lanceolata. Campanula aparinoides (marsh bellflower), Lycopus 

 hicidus (water horehound). Asclepias incarnata (swamp milkweed), P.vc- 

 iianThemum lanceolatum (mountain mint). P.oehmeria cylindrica (false net- 

 tle), Betula pumila (low l)irch), Steironema longifolium. Osmunda regalis. 



