260 



ried to the apple leaves, since the openings in the cloth were too small to 

 allow the latter spores to pass through. This fact seems to have been 

 overlooked in many published reports on this fungus. 



GERMINATION OF TELEUTOSPORES. 



Many attempts at the germination of teleutospores were made in the 

 laboratory. Most of these Avere more or less successful. The only things 

 brought out worthy of note were: First, that in general our results con- 

 firmed the work done by H. M. Richards and recorded in his paper in the 

 Botanical Gazette for September. 1880: and second, that best results were 

 obtained when the teleutospores were germinated, not in an abundance 

 of water, but rather on simply moist slides placed in the sunlight under 

 bell jars. This allowed the spores to dry slowly, thus affording natural 

 conditions for sporidia. production. 



Several gelatinous galls were allowed to dry in the sunliglit on the 

 window sill. An abundance of sjioridia were produced which covered the 

 sill lieneath and about the galls, while wet material showed upon exam- 

 ination no sporidia. This strengthens the statement previously made that 

 the sporidia and not the teleutosixires are disseminated l)y the wind, since 

 evidently the teleutospores never leave the gall before germination. 



THE GALLS I'ERENNIAL. 



As already mentioned, it was observed that many of the galls of the 

 spring of 1901 were but outgrowths on the sides of old galls and that in 

 many cases these old galls bore a second crop of teleutospores. Although 

 no further investigation has been made, there appears to be but one solu- 

 tion to the problem, and that is that the mycelium had summered in the old 

 galls, producing the new outgroAvths and the second crop of spores in the 

 spring. As far as we have found, no record of such a condition has been 

 made, and while evidence seems to show that the mycelium is perennial, 

 we wish to investigate further before making a definite statement and 

 only offer this obseiwation as a matter for consideration by those who 

 may be working on this fungus. 



