LINNEAN" SOCIETY 01" LONDON". 4^ 



Zoology and Botany, of which he was President, at the South- 

 ampton Meeting of the British Association. Since his taking up 

 his duties in connection with the Ciaehona plantations in Southern 

 India, he seems to have published nothing in botany. He died 

 at Madras on 14th February, 1896, rather suddenly. The writer 

 of these lines has a grateful recollection of Prof. Lawson's kind 

 offices when, in ISZi, he was inquiring about the MS. 'Pinas' 

 Avhich William Sherard left to be finished by Dillenius — a work 

 which, on collation, was found to be complete, and not frag- 

 mentary as report asserted. 



SvEN LiJDWiG LovEN, bom at Stockholm, January 6th, 1809, 

 was educated in a private school and at the Universities of 

 Upsala and Lund, and he afterwards studied under Ehrenberg 

 in Berlin. 



His earliest work of note was a treatise on the G-eographical 

 Distribution of Birds ; and after the publication of that he was 

 recalled to Lund, while only 2 L years of age, as Docent in Zoology. 

 During the 11 years which he spent at Lund, he carried out a 

 series of researches into the Marine Fauna of the "West Coast of 

 Sweden, and developed the passion for marine zoology which 

 dominated his actions in after-life, and found its full and early 

 expression in the founding of the Marine Station at Kristienberg, 

 which is in reality the oldest in the world, and in the publication 

 of his classical memoirs on Campanularia and ^yncoryne aud 

 Evadne. 



Loven early displayed a versatility of character which proved 

 afterwards to be indicative of great power. As a traveller he, in 

 1837, inaugurated the long succession of Swedish Arctic Expe- 

 ditions, in a memorable expedition to Spitzbergen, in which be 

 discovered the Carboniferous and established the existence of 

 Jurassic deposits in the island ; while, as a zoologist, observing 

 closely the structure and habits of animals, he laid the founda- 

 tion for Steenstrup's famous work upon the Alternation of 

 G-enerations. 



As a zoologist, he largely devoted his early years to the 

 Mollusca, and his later to the Echinodermata ; and these two 

 classes of animals may be said to have monopolized his attention. 

 In dealing with the Mollusca he was really the first to describe 

 and utilize for purposes of classification the Odontophore ; and 

 the long series of monographs which he wrote upon the group 

 and their all-round treatment betoken a high mental power and 

 devotion to the subject. His work on the Echinodermata is 

 unique. The memoirs entitled ' Etudes sur les Echinoidees ' 

 (1875), 'Pourtalesia, a Genus of Echinoidea' (1883), with his 

 ' Echinologica ' (1882), and bis work 'On the Species of Echi- 

 noidea described by Linnaeus' (1887), as masterly studies in 

 Echinoderm morphology rank with those of Johannes Miiller on 

 the development of the group. JVot only do we meet with that 

 painstaking thoroughness of investigation which characterizes 



