26 PEOCEEDIKGS OF THE 



occasions tlie lOO-fatlioms line ; but to complete our survey of 

 the work of British Deep-sea work, 1 have only to refer to two 

 short excur:sions from the IS. W. coast of Ireland in 18S9 : the one 

 initiated by myself and carried out by the B.ev. W. S. Grreen *, 

 who reached the 1000-1'athoms line, and made eight successful 

 hauls in this and lesser depths ; and the second by Mr. Grilbert 

 C. Bourne t, who had four successful hauls in 200-400 fathoms 

 a little farther southwards. Thus, since the cruises of the 

 ' Porcupine ' no serious attempt has been made to advance our 

 knowledge of the Deep-sea fauna of that part of the Atlantic, 

 which lies on and outside the 1000-fathoms liue, west of the 

 British Islands, and the exploration of which seems to be the 

 special task of this country. AVhen we remember that the ex- 

 plorers on board the ' Porcupine ' were ignorant of the use of 

 the trawl, that the mechanical appliances for marine exploration 

 have been immensely improved since their time, that even such 

 small excursions like the two last mentioned have yielded valu- 

 able results, we may safely recommend this neglected portion 

 of the British Seas as a field on which a body like the Marine 

 Biological Association may perforin a national duty. 



3. The Franco-Portuguese Section. 



As in Norway, so in this section which I propose to carry 

 southwards to the Tropic, fishermen's lines oflFered the first 

 glimpse of Deep-sea life to the zoologist. The late Rev. E. T. 

 Lowe and Mr. J. Y. Johnson, who had made Madeira their 

 winter-home, frequently received curious unknown fishes that 

 accidentally had been brought to the surface. I have good cause 

 to remember them, as they gave me the first crude ideas of the 

 existence of fishes in the deep sea, of their specialization for an 

 abyssal life as well as ttieir wide oceanic distribution. 



In 186-4 Prot. Barboza du Bocage | obtained in a similar 

 manner his first specimens of Hyalonema lusitanicum, also of 

 various species of deep-sea Sharks, from the fishermen of Setubal ; 

 a fishing-ground which was visited by Prof. Perceval AVright § a 

 few years afterwards, aud has since become as famous as that of 

 Yokohama. 



An early pioueer in this district was the late Mr. McAndrew ||, 

 one of thtj most earnest students of the distribution of Shells, 

 who worked with his dredge for several years along the western 

 coasts of Europe southwards to the coast of Morocco; and 

 although he investigated chiefly the littoral fauna, he obtained 

 on several occasions successful hauls beyond the 100-fathoms 

 liue, without, however, specifying the exact localities where this 

 happened. 



* Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1889, iv. p. 409. 



t Journ. Mar. Biol. Assoc. 1889. i. p. 3U(i. 



\ Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 265. 



I Aun. & Mag. JS'at. Hist. 1868, ii. p. 423, 



II Erit. Assoc. Reports, 1856, p. 101. 



