LI>"yEA_y SOCIETY OF 'LO'SDO'S. 4I 



distance from the former proved almost barren, thus demon- 

 strating the difficulties of managing the trawl at great depths, 

 rather than the poverty of the fauna. Verv sucoessf ul hauls at 

 Tristan da Cunha impressed tlie Naturalists with the great 

 resemblance of the South Atlantic fauna to the Xorth Atlantic ; 

 and IVyville Thomson, in speaking of the hauls made at that 

 oceanic island between 150 and 200 fathoms, says that the 

 proceeds were very mucb like what is found off the coast of 

 England. 



The Noeth Pacific. 



Taken to tbe Tropic of Cancer as southern limit. 



The ' Challens;er ' entered this area on her way to Japan, 

 crossing it in the latitude of Yokohama for 60 degrees of longi- 

 tude. The deep-sea trawl or dredge was successfully used on 

 14 occasions, in very great depths, except when close to land. 

 The deepest dredging of the ' Challenger ' was made here, in 3125 

 filths., on red clay, where 3 Annelids, 4 Polyzoa, and 1 Tunicate 

 were obtained. Same of the hauls proved very productive, in 

 spite of the depth ; in fact, one of them from 2900 fatbs. in about 

 Long. 170^ E. proved to be more successful than any previous 

 one from sfciiilar depths ; beside representatives of nearly all 

 classes of Invertebrates, the trawl brought up, at this as well as 

 at the other stations, numerous manganese uodules, sharks' teeth, 

 &c. The discovery of the Hi/alonewa-ground, and a visit into 

 the Inland Sea contributed a large proj ortiou of the collections 

 made in the Pacific, among them a great number of new or inter- 

 esting forms, some closely allied to, or even identical with, 

 Atlantic species. 



All the other work done in this area was accomplished by the 

 ' Albatross ' in 1888-90; it extended on, or within a short distance 

 from, the coast, from California to Alaska and the Behring Sea. 

 Deep-sea work was carried on only incidentally to other duties ; 

 but I find that in the northern parts deep water was examined 

 in those three years at 33 stations, the greatest depth being 

 1625 fathoms, about 100 miles JST.W. of Unalaska. The winter 

 months were devoted chiefly to the examination of the Fish- 

 fauna off the coast of California, and many hauls were taken 

 in moderate depths (from 130 to 350 faths.), southwards to 

 San Diego. In Jact, this part of the Pacific coast is ichthyo- 

 logically almost as well explored as the Atlantic coast of the 

 United States. As to the material collected in Alaska and 

 Behring Sea, I am only acquainted with one zoological paper by 

 that able ichthyologist. Dr. C. Gilbert*. This northern Pacific 

 Fish-fauna has a thoroughly European general aspect, although 

 many of the species are going through the process of receiving 

 temporary new names. 



* U.S. Fish Coinmiss. Report for 1893, p. 393. 



