TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 125 



poral ridges, as well as the sagittal ridge, are much developed in some of the an- 

 thropoids, as the gorilla, for the more extensive attachment of the temporal muscles 

 for giving greater power to the jaw. These ridges give a depressed appearance to 

 the forehead, and a savage look. There is no reappearance of these ridges in man, 

 unless it should be in an occasional example of the Mongoloid, Malay, or American 

 Indian skulls, but it is very rare, and is perhaps only an anomaly. 



"In infancy (Professor Cope, op. cit.) the superciliary ridges are not developed, 

 and remain reduced through life," and their condition in the adult of mankind is 

 therefore embryonic ; the low eyebrow is merely an undeveloped feature. 



The eyes are larger proportionately in the infant than in the adult, and are more 

 prominent, the surrounding parts being undeveloped. With growth the eyeball 

 recedes, owing to the bony socket developing about it. As compared with the quad- 

 rumana, the eyes differ but little as to external appearance and form. There may 

 be a difference as to prominence or depression, but this is scarcely perceptible as 

 between man and the monkeys and apes. Individuals vary greatly in aU tribes and 

 species. There is a great difference, however, as to the intellectual fire that lights 

 the eye — the indefinite something that reflects the soul behind it. In this, as in his 

 whole intellectual being, man is removed from the lower forms of life by a space 

 whose vastness cannot be estimated. 



The nose, Professor Cope says {op. cit.), "is without bridge in the quadrumana 

 and with short and flat cartilages. . . . The character of the prominent nose 

 in the Indo-European man, with its elevated bridge, is a sort of acceleration, since 

 it is a super-addition to the quadrumanous type from both standpoints of quad- 

 rumana and embryology, and is chiefly due, no doubt, to the greater development 

 of the front of the cerebral part of the skull or ethmoid bone, which, developing 

 later, carries the nasal bones forward with it. . . . In the negro the nose is 

 flat, without a bridge, which is a quadrumanous character, and is a retardation of 

 growth. ... In the Bushman the flat nasal bones are coossified with the 

 adjacent bones, as in the apes. ... In the Mongols the nose is flat, with a 

 bridge. . . . Many people, especially those of the Slavonic races, have more 

 or less embryonic noses." Many races have the flat nose, with low bridge, or the 

 bridge may be totally absent. Many individuals of the higher races have flat noses, 

 but the bridge is, if normal, always present. 



In the infant "the nose is without bridge and the cartilages are flat and short — 

 quite quadrumanous, in fact." But the nose grows and develops more than any 

 other feature of the face in the progress toward maturity. A well-developed — a 

 "strong" — nose is a strong feature, and strengthens the face, gives character and 

 force, but a small nose is a weak feature and makes a face appear weak. Many 

 adult noses are small and undeveloped, are really "baby noses," and detract much 

 from the beauty, harmony and impressiveness of the face. A noble face with a small, 

 insignificant nose cannot be imagined. It is the imperial feature, and dictates the 

 character of the face. A small nose is embryonic, and has stopped short in its 

 course of development at an immature stage. It does not really mean weakness in 

 character, however, but only that the face has inherited a past form and did not 

 reach the full attainment of its type, and the result is inharmony and mediocrity. 

 The omnipresent mediocrity of the sea of faces around us is due largely to the prev- 

 alence of immature noses. 



Then again, many noses of to-day are distinctly quadumanous in some of the 

 characteristics which they retain. The anthropoid nose is flat of bridge and crushed 

 upward against the face, flattened and "stub nosed" in fact. This form is seen in 

 many "stub" noses — "re^cottsse," if you please — where the nose is distinctly up- 

 turned and retracted, as often occur in Celtic, Negroid and Slav races, and some- 



