68 EEV. G. HENSLOW — HOMOLOGY Al^^D 



5. Terminal buds — Utricularia. 



6. Artificial propagation by cuttings, etc. 

 (2) 1. Bulb-scales — Hijncinthis. 



2. Apex of petiole — Nymphcea (sp.). 



3. Surface of lamina — Ferns. 



4. Margin of lamina — Bryophyllum, Malaxis. 

 Reproduction (proper) is by seeds ; bence, as tbe function of 



bulbs and seeds is tbe same, they are analogous ; and if an ovule 

 be regarded as a metamorpbosed bud, they may be regarded as 

 homologous as well. 



IV. Methods of Climbing. 

 Caulomes : — 



1. Eoots — Orchids, Ivy, Marcgravia. 



2. Stem-twiners — Sop, Convvlrulus, etc. 



3. Branch-twiners — jlippocrateria. 



4. Peduncle (tendril) — Vine and Virginia Creeper. 



5. Peduncle (hook) — Uncaria. 

 Phyllomes : — 



1. Petiole — Clematis, Corydalis claviculata. 



2. Blade (tendril) — Gloriosa. 



3. Leaflets (tendrils) — Pea. 



4. Stipules (tendrils) — Smilax. 



5. Thorns — Brambles. 



6. Glands — Nepenthes, Passiflora (?). 



V. Armature or Defensive Organs, 



Catdomes : — 



1. Axillary branches — Pnmics, Gleditschia. 



2. Peduncles — Alyssum spinosuin, Mesembryanthemum spinosum. 



3. Cladodia — Ruscus acideatus. 



4. Pulvinus — Ribes grossularia. 

 Phyllomes : — 



1 . Leaf-ribs — Berberis. 



2. Midrib — Asfragalm gummifer, awns of grasses, species of 



Euphorbia, Cactus, etc. 



3. Marginal serratures — Pandamis, Agave, Grasses. 



4. Bracts — Carduus, Carlina, Centaurea calcitrapa, Bipsacus. 

 Cortical and Epidermal : — 



Thorns, spinescent processes of palms, stings, and floral arma- 

 ture for the purposes of preventing ingress of "unwel- 

 come guests."* 



YI. Attractive Organs. 



Organs adapted to attract insects or other animals may be classi- 

 fied as follows : — 



1. Leaves, — (1) by colour — Poinsettia ; (2) by scent — Zabiata; 

 and (3) by honey — Sarracenia. 



* See Dr. Kernel's ' Flowers and their Unbidden Guests.' 



