178 ANNIVEKSAET ADDEESS 



Expedition as to tlie ** warm " and " cold " areas which, were 

 noticed in the Report of that expedition. Mr. Murray took the 

 scientific charge of the cruise ; hut the weather was boisterous, 

 and unfavourable for dredging and trawling. There were, 

 however, some zoological results of an interesting kind, especially 

 as regards the Mollusca ; and it is hoped that the application 

 which has now been made by the Eoyal Society for another 

 Government vessel will be successful, and will enable Sir "VVyville 

 to continue the work and make further discoveries.^ 



Although we have of late years done a great deal to promote 

 submarine researches, as shown by the expeditions of H.M.SS. 

 'Bulldog,' 'Lightning,' 'Porcupine,' 'Shearwater,' 'Valorous,' 

 and 'Knight Errant,' our comparatively poor neighbours in 

 Scandinavia have been earlier in the field and not less energetic. 

 Prom the ' jS"otices sur la Suede,' published on the occasion of the 

 International Congress of Geographical Sciences in 1875 at Paris, 

 it appears that between the years 1837 and 1875 seventeen 

 scientific expeditions were made from Sweden, fifteen of which 

 explored the arctic regions. Professors Loven, Torell, and 

 Nordenskiold, with other distinguished naturalists, took an active 

 part in these expeditions. The sister kingdom of Norway has 

 since engaged in the same course of discovery ; and a well-equipped 

 Government vessel, the ' Voringen,' of the same size as the 

 ' Porcupine ' (about 400 tons), left Bergen in the beginning of 

 June, 1876. Dr. Danielssen, Professors Mohn and G. 0. Sars, 

 Herr Friele, and other scientific men accompanied the vessel, and 

 were engaged in the zoological and physical work. Through the 

 kintlness of my friend Prof. Sars, I am enabled to give the 

 following particulars of these JN'orwegian expeditions. They 

 occupied nearly three months in each of the years 1876, 1877, 

 and 1878. The first expedition was divided into three cruises, and 

 extended along the western coast of I^orway to the Faroe Isles 

 and Iceland. There were 24 dredging-stations, at depths of from 

 90 to 1862 fathoms, besides 5 shore stations in Norway, Faroe, 

 and Iceland. The second expedition was divided into four cruises, 

 and extended from Bergen to outside the Loffoden Isles, and from 

 Tromsii to Jan May en ; there were 28 stations, with depths of from 

 70 to 1760 fathoms, besides 6 shore stations in Norway and Jan 

 Mayen. The third expedition was divided into three cruises, and 

 extended to Vardo, and thence westward to Beeren Island, and 

 afterwards to Spitzbergen in 80° N. lat. The last expedition had 

 36 stations, with depths of from 21 to 1686 fathoms, besides 

 ♦ The application has, I believe, been granted. 



