1851.] Linnean Society. 135 



actions/ and in his general works on the science. Had he pub- 

 lished no other work than his ' Monographia Apum Angliae,' his 

 first separate one, which appeared in 1802, he would have ranked 

 as one of the first entomologists of the age ; a title which was 

 at once assigned to him by every student of the science, foreign 

 as well as British, capable of estimating the unwearied perseverance 

 with which he had collected his materials, the value of his oew 

 observ^ations on the anatomy of Bees, and the large and philoso- 

 phical grasp with which he had arranged them, under the fami- 

 lies (or, as they are now considered, genera) into which he distri- 

 buted them. Nothing can show more strikingly the ardour of his 

 zeal for the science, than the fact that he took lessons in the art of 

 etching, to enable him to give from his own hand sketches of the 

 parts of the mouth, on which his family characters mainly depended. 

 But when to this great work we. add his ' Monograph of Apion,' 

 ' Century of Insects,' memoir ' On the order Strepsiptera,' and other 

 valuable papers in the ' Transactions of the Linnean Society ;' the 

 ' Introduction to Entomology,' written in conjunction with Mr. 

 Spence ; his Bridgewater Treatise, ' On the History, Habits and 

 Instincts of Animals ;' and the ' Description of the Insects of the 

 Northern parts of British America,' occupying a quarto volume of 

 Sir John Richardson's ' Fauna Boreali-Americana ;' it will be evident 

 how extensively and successfully he cultivated natural science, and 

 how deeply it is indebted to him. 



In the ' Proceedings of the Entomological Society,' from which 

 the preceding particulars are derived, Mr. Westwood has furnished 

 a critical notice of Mr. Kirby's numerous contributions to science, 

 which completely supersedes the necessity of any other list. 



James Macfadyen, M.D., was a native of Glasgow, in which city 

 his father was an eminent music-seller. He himself, while a stu- 

 dent of the University there, destined for the medical profession, 

 distinguished himself by his great love of natural history, more 

 especially in the botanical class, and took his degree of M.D. about 

 the year 1821 or 1822. He was on the point of practising as a phy- 

 sician in his native city, when the late Mr. George Hibbert wrote to 

 request Sir William Hooker to recommend a well-educated bota- 

 nist, competent to take charge of a garden which the local govern- 

 ment in Jamaica contemplated forming at Bath (in that island). 

 Dr. Macfadyen-was immediately appointed on Sir William Hooker's 

 recommendation, and established the garden, which unfortunately, 

 owing to the very depressed condition of the colony, was too ill- 

 supported to justify his continuing long to superintend it. He con- 



