71 



Certain of the above animals are probably more or less restricted 

 in food, but until the food-plants are ascertained they may be con- 

 sidered as general feeders. All of these herbicolous animals are in- 

 sects. The larger animals are referred to the ground habitat rather 

 than to the plant layer, though some of the sparrows are frequently 

 seen perching on the plants. In grassland associations the plants are 

 too small to provide a well-defined habitat for the larger animals. 



Herbicolous Selective Plant-eaters. — These animals are of two 

 types: (i) those which select particular parts (usually the flower) 

 of various plants, and (2) those which select particular species of 

 plants. 



(i) Animals associated with particular parts of plants 



Acniaeodera pulchella Bouihyliidae, adults 



Chaitliognathits pennsylvanicus Lepidoptera, adults 



Strigoderma arhoricola 

 Batyle siituralis 

 Strangaliu hiteicornis 

 Dectes spinosus 

 Mecas per grata 

 Notoxus hifasciatiis 

 Epicauta pennsylvanica 

 Syrphidae, adults 



Angochlora hnmeralis 

 Agaposternon splendens 

 Sphecodogastra texana 

 Megachile mendica 

 MeUssodes aurigenia 

 Bombus virginicus 

 Bouibias auricomns 

 Apis mellifera 



All of the above are associated with flowers and feed upon nec- 

 tar and pollen. Many dipterous and lepidopterous and a few cole- 

 opterous larvae live in stems of plants. 



(2) Animals associated with particular species of plants 



Animal species 



Lygaeus bicrucis 

 Languria bicolor 

 Bpitragus aciitus 



Plant species 

 Cacalia atripHcifolia 



Haltica fuscoaenea 

 Chalcoderynus coUaris 

 Blepharida rhois \ 

 Pyraiistidae, larvae f 

 Chariest ems anteimator 

 Oncopeltus fasciatus 

 Lygaeus kalniii 

 Tetraophthahnus spp. 

 Daiiais plcxippus 



Oenothera rhonibipetala 



Rhus canadensis illinoensis 

 Euphorbia corollata 



Asclepias spp. 



