4^6 



yi'A. ». 



i'ig. y. 



the males carry the very 



curious palpal organs, 



which are employed in 



the fertilization of the 



female. The basal joints, 



Fig. 7, E E, of the palpi 



are flattened out, and 



serve as chewing organs, 



— they are called max- 



illce. 



The front pair oi 



limbs, the Mandibles, 



Eig. 7, D D, have two 



joints, the basal one is 



usually short and stout, 



and furnished on the 

 inner side with teeth and hairs ; the other is a small, sharp 

 claw, which can be closed against the basal joint when not 

 in use. (See also Figures 19 and 20.) 



The Abdomen, or hinder half of the body, is furnished, just behind the legs, with two 

 hard, smooth patches, which cover the front pair of breathing-organs, the openings to 

 which are two little slits at Fig. 7, H. At the end of the bo.ly are the spinnerets, which 

 will be described fu-'-'ier on. There are three pairs of them ; but many spiders close them 



together when not in use, so as to cover up the 

 middle pair. Sometimes the third pair of 

 spinnerets have several joints and extend out 

 behind the body like two tails. In front of the 

 spinnerets is a little opening, Figure 7, K, 

 which leads to air-tubes that give off branches 

 to different parts of the abdomen. At M, 

 Figure 7, are usually two coloured bands, or 

 rows of spots, marking the course of muscles 

 attached to the skin at various points along 

 these lines. 



Let us now turn to figure 10, which repre- 

 sents the upper surface, or back of the same 

 spider. The head is not separated from the rest 

 of tlie body, as in insects, but forms one piece 

 with the thorax. On the front of the head are 

 eight simple eyes, O, which are differently 

 arranged in different spiders. At the back of 

 the thorax is a groove, P, under which is at- 

 tached a muscle for moving the sucking stomach, 

 Figure 11, D. From this point radiate shallow 

 ,'rooves, that follow the divisions between the 

 ouscles of the legs. On the abdomen are 

 several pairs of dark smooth spots which 

 mark the ends of muscles extending downward 

 ihrough the abdomen. The markings of this 

 .sj)ider are very complicated. The spot on the 

 middle of the front of the abdomen is a very 

 common one, and in some spiders extends the 

 whole length of the body. The waved lines on 

 each side are also common, and in long-bodied 

 spiders often form two bright-coloured stripes, 

 or rows of spots, running nearly straight tha 

 whole lenarth of the abdomen. 



