368 ANCIENT ABORIGINAL TRADE IN NORTH AMEBICA. 



rence. According to Mr. Squier, arrowheads made of tliis hornstODe 

 have been fouud in Kentucky, Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan. That 

 they occur in Illinois, I can attest from personal experience. 



A very remarkable find of objects manufactured from the horn stone 

 of Fliut Ridge occurred in the summer of 1869 on the farm of Oliver H. 

 Mullen, near Fayetteville, in St. Clair County, of the State of Illinois. 

 Some children, amusing themselves near the barn of that farm, happened 

 to dig into the ground, and came upon a deposit of fifty-two disc-like 

 flint imi)lements, which lay closely heaped together. I obtained a num- 

 ber of these implements through my indefatigable co-laborer. Dr. Pat- 

 rick, of Belleville, Illinois. They coincide in shape with those of Clark's 

 Work, but are somewhat smaller, and not, like the latter, superficially 

 prepared objects, but highly-finished implements. This fact is shown by 

 the careful chipping of the edges, to which sharpness and roundness have 

 been imparted by small and carefully measured blows. Unlike the de- 

 posit of East St. Louis, which consisted of perfectly new implements, 

 that of Fayetteville was made up of such as had already done service. 

 To this conclusion I am lead by the character of their edges, which ex- 

 hibit a slight wear or polish. I regard these implements as scraping or 

 smoothing tools, to which purposes they were well adapted by their 

 shape ; and I have but little doubt that the less finished discs of Clark's 

 Work were to be converted, by further chipping, into implements of the 

 same kind. 



In connection with the object, however, which I have in view in this 

 essay, the identity of the stone of Flint Ridge with that of which the 

 tools fouud at Fayetteville in Illinois consist, is the point that deserves 

 particular consideration. This identity admits of no doubt. I was 

 convinced of it at first sight when I received the implements from Fay- 

 etteville, and so were Messrs. S(iuier and Davis, to whom I showed my 

 specimens. Tbe direct distance from the quarries at Flint Ridge to 

 Fayetteville is about four hundred English miles, and thus far, at least, 

 the stone was exported, in a rudimentary or finished shape, from its 

 original site. So much is certain ; but it is not unlikely that implements 

 made of this hornstone will be found hereafter at still greater distances 

 fiom the quarries in Ohio. 



RED PIPESTONE. 



The celebrated red pipestone, that highly valued material employed 

 by the Indians of past and j^reseut times in the manufacture of their 

 calumets, occurs in situ on the Coteau des Prairies, an elevation extend- 

 ing between the Missouri and the headwaters of the Mississippi. 

 This is the classical ground of the surrounding tribes, and many l€^ 

 gends lend a romantic interest to that region. It was here that the 

 Great Spirit assembled the various Indian nations and instructed them 

 in the art of making pipes of peace, as related by Longfellow in his 



