404 NORTH AMEEICAN STONE IMPLEMENTS, 



term — certainly did not stow away all their articles of use and ornament 

 in the mounds, but necessarily left a great many of them scattered over 

 the surface, which became mingled with those of the succeeding occu- 

 pants of the vsoil. Both the mound-builders and the later Indians lived 

 in an age of stone, and as their wants were the same, they resorted to 

 the same means to satisfy them. Their manufactures, therefore, must 

 exhibit a considerable degree of similarity,- and hence the great diiS- 

 culty of separating them. 



Yet Mr. Stevens goes in this respect fiirther than any one before him. 

 He is i)articularly orthodox in the matter of pipes. Those who have 

 l)aid vsome attention to the antiquities of "tsTorth America, are aware of 

 the fact that Messrs. Squier and Davis found in the mounds of Ohio, 

 especially in one mound near Chillicothe, a number of stone pipes of 

 peculiar shape, which they have described in the "Ancient Monuments 

 of the Mississippi Valley." In these pipes the bowl rises from the mid- 

 dle of a flat and somewhat curved base, one side of which communicates 

 by means of a narrow perforation, usually one-sixth of an inch (about 

 four millimeters) iu diameter, with the hollow of the bowl, and repre- 

 sents the tube, or rather the mouth-piece of the pipe, while the other 

 unperforated end forms the handle by which the smoker held the im- 

 plement and approached it to his mouth. In the more elaborate speci- 

 mens the bowl is formed, in some instances, in imitation of the human 

 head, but generally of the body of an animal — mammal, bird, or reptile. 

 These pipes, then, were smoked either without any stem, which seems 

 l)robable, or by means of a very diminutive tube of some kind, the nar- 

 row bore of the base not allowing the insertion of anything like a mas- 

 sive stem. The authors of the "Ancient Monuments" called these pipes 

 " mound-pipes," merely to designate that particular clas? of smoking 

 utensils; it was not their intention to convey the idea that the mound- 

 builders had been unacquainted with i^ipes into which stems were in- 

 serted. On the contrary, they distinctly assign a beautiful pipe of the 

 latter kind, representing the body of a bird with a human head* to the 

 mound-builders, though this specimen was r.ot found in a mound, but 

 within an ancient inclosure twelve miles below the city of Chillicothe. 

 Referring to this pipe, Mr. Stevens says: "Squier and Davis consider 

 that this object is a relic of the mound-builders: but it does not appear 

 that any pipe of similar form, or indeed amj pipe intended to be smoked 

 by means of an inserted stem, has been found in anj^ of the Ohio mounds." 

 Upon inquiry I learned from Dr. Davis that mounds had been leveled 

 by the i)lough within the inclosure where the pipe in question was found, 

 which, he is convinced, belonged to the original contents of one of those 

 obliterated mounds. In the Smithsonian report for 18G8, I published 

 (on page 399) the drawing of a pipe then in possession of Dr. Davis. 

 Its shai)e is that of a barrel somewhat narrowing at the bottom, and its 

 material an almost transparent rock-crystal. The two hollows, one for 



* Fig. 147 ou p. 247 of the "Aucicut Mouumeuts;" Fig. lOG ou p. 509 of " Flint Chips." 



