412 ETHNOLOGY. 



stream. On the other side, north of the main stream, are two chiefr', two 

 braves, and a good-conditioned horse at rest. It is on a vertical cliff of 

 fine gray sandstone, at the foot of an inclined plane, where the trail 

 runs into the valley from the elevated land dividing it from La Foutenelle 

 Creek. The significance of the record appears to me as follows: The 

 forty-three mounted warriors had left an impoverished district, and 

 descended to this valley, fall of grass, fuel, game, &c., whereby they 

 were enabled to recruit themselves and become successful in their expe- 

 dition. The drawing is not in proportion. The men were about 3 feet 

 above the base, and not 3 feet in height. Assuming the tallest man to 

 be 3 feet in height, 3 feet from ground, and the cliff 13 feet, the other pro- 

 portions will be sufBcieutlj" correct. The markings when first observed 

 were almost entirely obscured with dust; but, with a small branch of a 

 tree, I dusted off the surface of the rock, and copied them in rough 

 sketches in my note-book. 



A^'CIENT RUIN U ARIZOM* 

 By J. C. Y. Lee. 



In the heart of the Pinal Mountains in Arizona, and the center of 

 what is known as the Apache country, is a little valley of not more 

 than 150 acres in extent. This valley is sometimes called Mason's 

 Valley, after General Jno. S. Mason, major of the Fifteenth Infantry, 

 by whom, when commanding the district of Arizona, in ISGl, it was 

 discovered. It is a beautiful valley, with groves of luxuriant trees, 

 green sward, and abundant foliage, by no means common in this 

 Territory. Its altitude is probably about 5,000 feet above the level 

 of the sea, and from 3,500 to 4,000 feet above the table-land, at the 

 base of the mountains. Around it, to great heights, on every side save 

 two passes, one to the eastward and one to the westward, rise the peaks 

 of the Pinal Mountains, very abrupt and very picturesque. From the 

 summit of these, far away eastward and northward, stretch, in unend- 

 ing succession, mountain-peaks, caiions, and chasms. I have never seen 

 so rough a country, and have no words to adequately describe it. 



While exploring this region, under orders from General Stoneman, 

 we found in the valley described the remains of a very extensive build- 

 ing. No walls were leit standing, but the stone foundations were distinct, 

 so that the apartments could still be easily traced. There could not 

 have been less than twenty or thirty rooms, some of which were very 

 large, and others small. The ruin was on a little eminence, or mound 

 of gravel, but whether so constructed originally, or whether the mound 

 had been formed by the falling walls, it was impossible to tell. About 

 the spot, pieces of broken earthen-ware were discovered, of which the 

 accompanying i)ieces are samples. They are better finished than those 

 now made by the Indians, and seem of different composition. By whom 



