Lanius excubitor and Lanius major. 35 



B. Specimens in Summer Plumage (June to August). 

 a. Typical L. excubitor. 



One male. — Abdomen snowy white^ the rump of a well-nigh 

 pure white ; outermost tail-feather almost wholly white ; basal 

 mark on secondaries normal (23-25 mm.). Tana, East Fin- 

 mark, 30th June, 1885. 



b. Typical L. major. 

 One female (had paired with preceding specimen). — Faint 

 traces of vermiculations ; outermost tail-feather with a large 

 and broad black spot ; basal spot on secondaries absolutely 

 wanting. Tana, 30th June, 1885. 



C. Specimens in Nesting-plumage (June to July). 



a. Typical L. excubitor. 

 Two males (hatched together) . — Basal spot on secondaries 

 normal (26-27 mm.). See above, p. 32. Dovre Fjeld, 30th 

 June, 1884. 



b. Typical L. major. 



One female (of the same brood as the two before men- 

 tioned). — Basal spot on the secondaries absolutely wanting 

 (see above, p. 32) . Dovre Fjeld, 30th June, 1884. 



D. Specimens in Autumn Plumage (September to 



November). 



a. Typical L. excubitor. 



Five males. — One without vermiculations, and with a 

 large basal spot on the secondaries (28-29 mm.) ; outermost 

 tail-feather almost wholly white ; perhaps an old specimen. 

 The other four specimens with traces of vermiculations and 

 the basal spot on the secondaries normal (26 mm,, in one 

 example 24 mm.) Aker, 8th Nov., 1876, 12th Nov., 1881, 

 13th Nov., 1884 J Romedal, 4th Oct., 1884; Maalselven, near 

 Tromso, Sept. 1880. 



One female. — Broad and distinct vermiculations ; basal 

 spot on the secondaries normal (18-20 mm.), its colour not 

 quite pure ; traces of vermiculations on the upper and lower 

 tail-coverts. Aker, 4th Nov., 1881. 



D 2 



