C. J. Sundcvall on the Wings of Birds. 439 



4. The extensor indicis proprius is generally thick ; it 

 commences near the basis radii in Sterna ; at | in Psittacus, 

 the Accipitres, and the Grallse ; a little further down in 

 Columba, at \ in Aptenodytes ; and lowest down in the Galling, 

 namely at f in Gallus domesticus, ^ in Tetrao, and a little 

 more than^ in Lagopus ; at ^ also in Ciconia nigra, in which 

 it has an unusually fine sinew. 



5. The e J tensor carpi uhiaris is rather thin in the Grallee 

 and Stei'na, commencing by a slender sinew from the aponeu- 

 rosis on the surface of the next wdthin on the cubitus j similar, 

 but larger and higher up towards the humerus in the An- 

 seres, Gallinse, and Stria:. Fleshy nearly from the humerus 

 in Columba. 



6. The humero-ulnaris externus is thick like No. 1, and 

 strong in all. Columba has it extended to half the length 

 of the ulna, Psittacus to f . Among the Accipitres : in Aquila 

 albicUla to \, in Buteo, Falco, and Strix a little further, in 

 Falco palumbarius to |. In Anas, Uria, and Alca to §, in 

 Sterna scarcely to ^. Among the Grallse, to f in Scolopax 

 and Fulica, but only ^ in Grus, and ^ in Charadrius ; in 

 Ciconia, in which it is thin, and lies between the tw^o arm- 

 bones, scarcely to \. It is largest of all in the Galliuse, 

 reaching to the end of the ulna. 



7. The supinator is always more strongly fleshy. It extends 

 beyond the half of the radius in Psittacus, to | in Columba, 

 to ^ in the Accipitres and Waders, beyond the half in the 

 Gallinse {LagopMs |, Gallus |), to | in Anas, to § in Mergus, 

 visible on both sides of the bone as in all the preceding ; but 

 in Uria, Alca, and Aptenodytes it goes on the outside only 

 to about \. For half its length it is united with the extensor 

 digitormn communis in Charadi^ius. 



b. On the Inner Surface. 



8. Thii flexor carpi ulnaris has already been noticed ; always 

 thick. 



9. The 7'ector remigum is wanting in Aptenodytes. It has 

 a long stout sinew when the cubitus is long, as in Grus, 

 Strix, &c. 



9 1 o 



