440 C. J. Sundevall on the Wings of Birds. 



10. The flexor digitorum suhlimis. — Its fleshy part com- 

 mences in Columha and Psittacus at the base of the fascia, 

 and is attached to its margin nearly to the carpus ; it is some- 

 what shorter, but thick in the Accipitres, commencing from 

 \ of the fascia in Strix, Falco palumbarius, apivorus, &c., 

 somewhat lower down in the others, and at ^ in the Eagles. 

 It is least of all in the Gallinse, just under the end of the 

 fascia (from \ in Lagopus and f in Tetrao tetrix) ; the sinew 

 gives off a branch to the basis pollicis, although No. 4 also 

 furnishes one as usual. Of the Grallse, Scolopax and Grus 

 have it formed as in the Accipitres ; Ciconia and Rallus have 

 it smaller; Anas has it fleshy from ^ to the apex of the 

 fascia. In Alca it is strong, fleshy from the base to f of the 

 fascia ; in Sterna from the base to ^. 



11. The flexor digitorum profundus commences in most 

 forms from ^ of the ulna : Columba, Accipitres, and G-allinae, 

 Scolopax and Fulica, Anas, Alca ; nearer the base in Psittacus 

 and Columba. 



12. The flexor carpi radialis commences a little above the 

 middle of the ulna in Psittacus, Columba, the Accipitres and 

 Gallinae, somewhat higher in the Water-birds, but lower 

 down in the Waders; at f in Otis, Scolopax, Struthio; at f in 

 Fulica, which therefore, has this muscle unusually small 

 (Schopss) ; but from | in Grits, and just below ^ in 

 Ciconia. 



13. 14. The pronatores appear under two difierent forms. 

 Sometimes they are of the same length, or the lower one is a 

 little shorter, as in the Song-birds, but always widely sepa- 

 rated ; sometimes the lower one is considerably longer and 

 thicker. The lower one is always at least as thick as No. 1, fre- 

 quently (e. g. Grus) twice as thick ; it is largest of all in 

 Columba, reaching to f and to the apex of the radius. In 

 Psittacus they reach to \ and |, and are at their upper attach- 

 ment on the humerus more widely separated than usual, so that 

 the upper one is attached considerably higher up on the bone, 

 near the flexor carpi ulnaris. In the Accipitres they usually 

 extend to ^ and | (Strix nisoria, Astnr, Buteo), or ^ and i 

 [Falco, Strix liturata), or only to ^ and ^ [Aquila albicilla). 



