C. J. Sundevall on the Wings of Birds. 441 



In the Gallinse the upper one is somewhat longer and reaches 

 to f in Tetrao, § in Layopus, beyond | in Gallus. The Grallse 

 show both forms ; in Scolopax both extend to ^, in Ciconia 

 and Grus to J and f, in Otis to | and ^, and in Fulica to \ 

 and f . Among the Water-birds : in Sterna to | and f ; in 

 ^wcs to g and | ; in AIca and f/z-ia, in which they extend ^ 

 and I, the larger one lies externally towards the apex of the 

 cubitus^ and not under the shorter one^ as it does in all other 

 birds^ or at least in a great majority of them. 



15. The huniero-ulnaris inferior has also been already 

 mentioned. It extends in the Gallinse to half the cubitus, 

 where it meets with the commencement of No. 13 on the 

 inside of the ulna and terminates at the outer margin of the 

 latter. In Cygtius it was found by Tiedemann. In Anas 

 glacialis and mollissima it starts from the condyle as a 

 peculiar, cylindrical, and fleshy bundle, attached at ^ of 

 the ulna beside the brachialis internus and the flexor digito- 

 rum profundus. In Mergus merganser just the same, but 

 less distinctly defined. In Uria it is not separated, but is 

 represented by a part of the pronator inferior, the fibres of 

 which are attached to the ulna from its base to I of its length. 

 In Psittacus it forms a very small bundle, issuing from the 

 condyle under the pronator inferior, and is only loosely at- 

 tached by cellular tissue to the upper \ of the ulna. 



Possibly a rudiment of it has been overlooked in some of 

 the other birds described, which I have now no opportunity 

 of examining afresh ; but it is certainly deficient in Strix, 

 Pernis, Grus, Ciconia, Charadrius, and Sterna. 



Bony sinews occur most irregularly, — e.g. among the Gal- 

 linae : in Gallus domesticus only in the flexor digitorum pro- 

 fundus externally on the hand, but not in any in the fore- 

 arm ; in Lagopus in the forearm in the extensor digitorum 

 communis and extensor indicis, but no more. Among the 

 Grallse : in Otis in the flexor digitorum profundus (Schopss), 

 but in Grus in all the musculi carpi et digitorum [extcnsores 

 and flexor es) on the cubitus, except in the extensor indicis 

 (the extensor carpi radialis longus is bifid, with one soft and one 

 bony sinew) . Of the Accipitres, Strix lifnrota has bony sinews 



